Of Thee I Sing: Origin, Heritage, and Patriotism Preview

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Land Acknowledgement

The National Music Museum (and the University of South Dakota) exists on the ancestral lands of the Oceti Sakowin (oh-CHEH-tee shaw-KOH-we), meaning Seven Council Fires, whose heritage and culture continue to enrich our community to this day. It is with profound respect that we acknowledge the contributions and sacrifices of the Indigenous peoples of this land, as we celebrate the 250th anniversary of our nation.

Origin

The North American continent has been home to Indigenous people for thousands of years. Many Native tribes emphasize their connection to the physical landscape as central to their identity and culture, creating musical instruments that reflect the sights and sounds of the region. Even though colonization stopped many Native Americans from passing down parts of their culture to younger generations, today, Indigenous instrument makers reclaim their heritage by using traditional symbols. Modern Native instruments tell of each tribe’s perseverance, development, and continuing respect for their places of origin.

During the Colonial Period, immigrants from many nations made new homes in North America. Their descendants would later grow up knowing the United States as their home, and their country of origin. Despite their distance from their family’s place of origin, the descendants often remember and honor their family’s homeland, no matter how far away.


Today, Native Americans, immigrants, and their descendants contribute to our culture. The resulting instruments are diverse, just like the people who made them and the lands that inspired them.

End-Blown Flute, ca. 1885-1915

Maker Unkown

Northern Plains, North America, ca. 1885-1915

Smith Dance Whistle, ca. 2023

Rodney Smith “Galuyagmi” (Oweekeno Wuikinuxv / Kwakwaka'wakw)

Vancouver, Canada, ca. 2023

Frame Drum, ca. 1875-1900

Maker Unknown

Northern Plains, North America, ca. 1875-1900

Poolheco Gourd Rattle, 1989

Frank Poolheco (Hopi-Tewa Pueblo)

Winslow, Arizona, 1989

Pomm Accordion, ca. 1858

J. Pomm

Berlin, Germany, ca. 1858

Schunk Harmonica, ca. 1890-1894

Phönix Model

Johann Schunk

Brunndöbra, Germany, ca. 1890-1894

Heritage

In our nation’s earliest years, we formed our own musical culture from music and instruments imported from elsewhere. The history of American instrument making represents a broader national anxiety from comparing the Old and New Worlds. When the nation was young, citizens resented their reliance on refined and finished products from Europe, like musical instruments. However, we soon developed our own industry, as craftspeople explored instrument design and formally trained artisans immigrated from Europe. Within 100 years, American made instruments competed directly with European imports.

Throughout our nation’s history, immigrants of many backgrounds came to the New World. Even as the United States became increasingly independent, many communities of European descent continued to celebrate and connect with their countries of origin, despite living here for generations. Music created communities among immigrants and introduced children to their family’s heritage.

Today, Americans have no single origin and have combined the traditions of their ancestors into a culture as varied as the people themselves.

Young Violin, ca. 1780

Peter Young

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ca. 1780

Scherr Harp-Guitar, ca. 1831

Emilius Nicolai Scherr

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ca. 1831

Martin Guitar, ca. 1847-1853

C. F. Martin

Nazareth, Pennsylvania, ca. 1847-1853

Gibson & Davis Square Piano, ca. 1810-1820

Gibson & Davis

New York, New York, ca. 1810-1820

Prescott Bass Viol, ca. 1826-1833

Abraham Prescott

Deerfield, New Hampshire, ca. 1826-1833

Catlin Bassoon, ca. 1805

George Catlin

Hartford, Connecticut, ca. 1805

Ashton Clarinet, ca. 1820-1849

John Ashton

Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1820-1849

Firth, Hall & Pond Flute, ca. 1833-1844

Firth, Hall & Pond

New York, New York, ca. 1833-1844

Callender Fife, ca. 1803-1818

William Callender

Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1803-1818

British East India Company Fife Case, ca. 1770-1810

British East India Company

Maker Unknown

Great Britain, ca. 1770-1820

Conn Tenor Helicon, ca. 1892

Wonder Model, Serial No. 29323

C. G. Conn

Elkhart, Indiana, ca. 1892 -1893

Graves & Company Echo Cornet, 1851

In E-flat, D and C

Graves & Company

Boston, Massachusetts, 1851

Hall & Quinby Tuba, ca. 1866-1875

Hall & Quinby

Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1866-1875

Sturdevant Snare Drum, 1858

James M. Sturdevant, Sr.

Waverly, Iowa, 1858

Cluxton Gourd Fiddle, ca. 1860

James Russell Cluxton

Sardinia, Ohio, ca. 1860

Dobson Fretless 5-String Banjo, ca. 1870

5-String

Attributed to Henry C. Dobson

New York, New York, ca. 1870

Patriotism

From the beginning of our nation’s history, patriotic symbols have represented American values. During the Revolutionary War, Americans used these symbols to show support for independence and their belief in democracy like we do today. While we worked to establish our own industries, it became patriotic to purchase American-made products, like musical instruments, to further solidify the nation’s separation from Europe. We also favored music that was compatible with our democratic values and sought public theater performances and concerts. When we developed our own musical culture, we also developed a profound way to celebrate our nation and to reflect on the cost of our progress through music. Patriotic symbols have grown in their meaning to encapsulate ideas of unity, freedom, American exceptionalism, and equality.

We express our pride in our nation through patriotic marches, songs, and hymns on holidays throughout each year. Naturally, symbols like stars, stripes, eagles, flags, and Lady Liberty appear on instruments as a celebration of our values and accomplishments.

Clinton Tenor Saxophone, 1993

LA-42T Presidential Model, Serial No. 220772

L. A. Sax Company

Barrington, Illinois, 1993

Conn Tenor Trombone, ca. 1926

38H Ballroom Model, Serial No. 238828

C. G. Conn, Ltd.

Elkhart, Indiana, ca. 1926

Taylor Guitar, 2002

Liberty Tree Grand Theater, Serial No. 20020325126

Taylor Guitars

El Cajon, California, 2002

Centennial Harp, ca. 1878-1880

Centennial Piano & Harp Mfg. Co.

Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1878-1880

Kay Guitar, ca. 1946

K6116 Model

Kay Musical Instrument Company

Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1946

Lyon & Healy Snare Drum, ca. 1890-1910

Lyon & Healy

Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1890-1910

Ludwig & Ludwig Bass Drum, ca. 1920-1937

Ludwig & Ludwig

Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1920-1937

Tambourine, ca. 1900-1930

Maker Unknown

United States, ca. 1900-1930

Of Thee I Sing: Origin, Heritage, and Patriotism
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