Colleton Avenue Walk Preview

Colleton Avenue is a picturesque street that runs roughly East-West, starting just behind the Aiken County Library. This tour starts at the library and continues East along Colleton for approximately ½ mile before retuning down the opposite site of the street. Most of the specimens on this tour are planted within the parkway that separates the street’s opposing directions of traffic.

Parking for this tour is in the lot of the Aiken County Library.

This is a residential neighborhood. Recommended tour hours from 8am until dusk.

This is a Round Lobed Sweetgum tree. The sweetgum is a large deciduous tree common over much of the eastern U.S. It is an important timber tree and is frequently grown as a shade tree or street tree. Native American tribes used the tree for medicinal purposes, particularly its sap, which was used as a chewing gum substitute. The resin, known as gum or sweetgum resin, was sometimes chewed as a stimulant or used as an antiseptic. The star-shaped leaves have five pointed lobes and often give good fall color. The prickly one-inch diameter fruits, known as gumballs, however, are an unwelcome nuisance on lawns. This curious form with rounded rather than pointed lobes on the leaves was discovered about 1930 near Cameron, North Carolina. It is apparently fruitless and has found favor for that reason.

The Portuguese Cypress, an evergreen, is native to Mexico. It was introduced into Portugal about 1600 where it was long supposed to have come from India and called “Cedar of Goa”. Not commonly seen here but widely grown in mild climate areas. Historically, Cupressus lusitanica was planted in areas that required a quick-growing, durable evergreen. It has been used in forestry in parts of the world as a source of timber, windbreaks, and ornamental gardens due to its pyramidal shape and striking appearance.

The Slash Pine has a fascinating history that ties it to the southeastern United States. Native to the region, it is an important tree both ecologically and economically. Historically, the tree was named after the "slash" or clear-cutting of land for agricultural use, a common practice in the early 1800s. Slash Pine was traditionally used for timber and resin production, contributing significantly to the timber industry. During the 20th century, its use expanded into pulpwood production for paper, and it became a key species in the southern pine industry. Its fast growth and dense foliage also earn Slash Pine favor as an ornamental tree. This and all eleven pine species native to the southern U.S. are represented in our Citywide Arboretum.

The Japanese Maple has a rich cultural history, especially in Japan, where it is deeply associated with beauty, tranquility, and nature. The tree is often admired for its elegant, deeply lobed leaves that turn vibrant shades of red, yellow, or orange in the fall. This is a good decorative tree, especially when space is limited. Japanese Maples have been cultivated for centuries, with the earliest records of their cultivation dating back to the 8th century during the Nara period in Japan.

This Oconee Dwarf Sweetgum is a freak form of the common Sweetgum tree. It was found near Athens, Georgia and a specimen exists on the University of Georgia campus. A similar dwarf Sweetgum is the variety ‘Gumball’. The sweetgum tree is famous for its star-shaped leaves that turn brilliant red, yellow, and purple in the fall. Historically, the tree has been valued for its resin, which was once used to produce medicinal products and chewing gum. The dwarf variety, named after Oconee County in Georgia, offers a more manageable size for urban gardens and residential yards, bringing the tree's stunning fall color to smaller spaces.

The Blackjack Oak is native to dry sandy ridges in the eastern United States. It typically thrives in dry, sandy soils and is often found in upland areas. Its common name, Blackjack Oak, comes from the dark, rough bark and its "jockey" appearance, meaning its canopy appears more stunted and shrubby compared to other oaks. The tree is important in forest ecosystems, providing habitat for various wildlife and contributing to soil stabilization. It is a slow-growing oak that can live for several decades, and although it is not typically harvested for lumber due to its smaller size, it plays a critical role in maintaining the health of its habitat.

This native evergreen tree is widespread in the warmer parts of the South. It's known for its glossy, dark green leaves and white flowers that bloom in the spring. It is often called a "Cherry Laurel" even though it is a cherry and not a laurel. Because it is planted as an ornamental and since birds distribute its seeds, it now grows well beyond its original native range. It can grow as a shrub or small tree, typically reaching heights of 10 to 20 feet.

The Southern Red Oak is a large deciduous tree that is also sometimes called Spanish Oak. It is not native to Spain but does occur in areas of the southeastern U.S. once owned by Spain. It is a long-lived, durable tree, tolerant of poor soils, and an important timber tree. Its bark is used for tanning leather. The tree gets its Latin name from the distinctive, falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which turn a vibrant red in the fall, providing stunning autumn colors. It is a common tree here in Aiken and produces many small acorns.

Easily recognized by corky ridges (“wings”) that grow along its young branches, Winged Elm is often seen as a shade tree. Young trees exhibit even, pyramidal crowns which mature to open, rounded specimens. The tree’s “wings” are an identifying characteristic of the tree and give it a unique silhouette, especially in the winter when the leaves have fallen. Its fibrous bark was formerly made into rope to secure cotton bales. Its wood, not readily split, is used in veneers and light furniture.

The Saucer Magnolia is a hybrid tree that was first cultivated in the early 19th century in France, the result of a cross between the purple-flowered Magnolia denudata and the white-flowered Magnolia liliiflora. Known for its large, showy flowers that bloom in early spring, the Saucer Magnolia has become a symbol of beauty and renewal, with its pink and purple blossoms heralding the arrival of warmer seasons. The tree has deep cultural significance in many parts of Asia and has been celebrated for its association with spring, renewal, and purity.
The tree’s striking flowers, often appearing before the leaves, make it a popular ornamental tree in gardens and parks. Its hardiness and adaptability to a range of climates have helped it thrive in various regions, particularly in temperate zones.

The Eastern Redbud is a small, deciduous tree native to eastern North America, renowned for its stunning springtime display of pink to purple flowers that bloom before the leaves. The tree's vibrant blossoms often appear along its branches, making it a striking addition to gardens and landscapes. It is most commonly found in woodland edges, valleys, and along roadsides, and is an important early-season nectar source for bees and other pollinators.

Historically, Eastern Redbud has held significance in both Native American and European traditions. The tree's heart-shaped leaves and vibrant flowers have made it a symbol of renewal and hope, with many cultures associating it with the arrival of spring. In Native American culture, the Eastern Redbud was used for medicinal purposes, with its bark and flowers being utilized to treat a variety of ailments, including fevers and digestive issues. The wood of the tree was also used by indigenous people for crafting tools and utensils. According to the Bible, a related species of redbud or Judas-tree (Cercis siliquastrum) native to the Mediterranean region, is the tree from which Judas hung himself.

The River Birch is a hardy and adaptable tree native to the eastern United States, commonly found along riverbanks, floodplains, and wetland areas. Known for its striking bark, which peels away in layers to reveal shades of pink, cinnamon, and silver, the River Birch adds a touch of color to landscapes year-round. Its unique bark and graceful appearance have made it a popular ornamental tree in gardens, parks, and urban areas.

Post Oak is a hardy and resilient oak species native to the central and southeastern United States. Characterized by its distinctive, cross-shaped leaf lobes, this tree thrives in a wide range of environments, from dry upland areas to bottomlands. The Post Oak is often found in woodlands, prairies, and savannas, particularly in regions with poor, sandy, or clayey soils. It typically grows to a height of 40 to 50 feet, with a broad, rounded canopy that provides ample shade. Many prime examples can be seen in Aiken.

"Yaupon Holly is a common evergreen shrub in the southeastern coastal plain. Known for its glossy, dark green leaves and bright red berries, the Yaupon is often admired for its resilience in harsh environments, including salt-tolerant coastal regions and dry, sandy soils. It typically grows between 10 and 20 feet tall, with a dense, rounded shape that makes it an attractive shrub in landscaping.

The species name ""vomitoria"" refers to the historic use of its leaves for making a tea known as the ""black drink"" which Native Americans consumed in purifying rituals. The leaves contain caffeine and in the recent past they were toasted and used to make a tea or coffee substitute by residents of the North Carolina Outer Banks. Yaupon is a popular ornamental and hedge plant available in several varieties including pendulous and dwarf forms. Female plants have showy red berries."

Sand Post Oak (also known as Margaret’s Oak) is a lesser-known oak species native to the southeastern United States, particularly found in the sandy soils of the Gulf Coastal Plain and parts of the southeastern uplands. This small to medium-sized oak typically grows between 30 to 50 feet tall and is recognized for its adaptability to poor, dry soils, especially in areas prone to drought. The Sand Post Oak shares many characteristics with its cousin, the Post Oak, including its tough, durable wood and distinctive cross-shaped leaf lobes.

The highly prized, richly colored wood of Black Cherry is used in veneers, furniture, toys, scientific instruments and cabinets. It grows up to 80 feet tall and features a slender trunk with smooth bark that darkens as the tree matures, eventually becoming a deep, almost black color with distinctive horizontal lenticels. A cough syrup is still made from the bark, and the cherries have been used in wines, jellies and as a flavoring agent. The leaves are toxic to horses and cattle; especially when wilted. It is widespread over most of the eastern U.S. but usually considered too "weedy" to plant as an ornamental.

Eastern Redcedar is a resilient and versatile tree native to the eastern United States, from the Great Lakes region to the Gulf of Mexico. This evergreen conifer, though technically a juniper, is often referred to as a "cedar" due to its aromatic, reddish-brown wood, which resembles true cedar wood. Typically reaching heights of 30 to 40 feet, Eastern Redcedar has a narrow, columnar shape in its early years, gradually expanding into a broad, dense canopy as it matures. Female trees produce abundant blue berries.

Southern Hackberry, also known as Sugarberry, is a versatile and hardy tree native to the southeastern United States. This medium-sized deciduous tree typically grows between 40 to 60 feet tall and is recognized for its smooth, grayish bark, which can resemble the texture of an elephant's skin, and its broad, serrated leaves that turn yellow in the fall. The tree thrives in a variety of soils, from sandy to clayey, and is often found in riparian areas and along floodplains.The tree’s small, sweet fruit, often referred to as “hackberries,” has provided sustenance to numerous bird species and wildlife. These berries, though not typically consumed by humans, are highly attractive to birds like robins, woodpeckers, and sparrows, which help disperse the seeds throughout the forest.

Tulip Poplar is a common and very large native deciduous tree. It is not a poplar, but is in the magnolia family. It is often recognized for its towering height, reaching up to 90 feet or more, making it one of the tallest hardwood trees in the region. Known for its distinct, tulip-shaped leaves and striking, tulip-like flowers, this tree is a standout in both forests and urban landscapes. Its bright, green leaves turn a vibrant yellow in the fall, adding a splash of color to the landscape. European settlers quickly recognized the tree's utility and began using the wood for constructing homes, furniture, and boats, due to its straight grain and easy workability.

Loblolly Pine is one of the most common and commercially important trees in the southeastern United States. Reaching heights of up to 100 feet, Loblolly Pine is easily recognized by its long, slender needles, which can grow up to 10 inches in length, and its tall, straight trunk. The tree’s bark is reddish-brown and scaly, and its cones are large and distinctive. The name “loblolly” relates to a moist depression in the land.

Historically, Loblolly Pine has played a significant role in the economy and ecosystem of the southern United States. Its wood is highly valued for its strength and versatility and has been used in the construction of homes, furniture, and paper products. The tree’s wood is also a major source of timber for the pulp and paper industry, making it a staple of commercial forestry.

This tree is a presumed hybrid between the Sand Liveoak and the Chapman Oak. The parent plant of this presumed hybrid was growing in Clay County, Florida in the desert-like deep sand habitat known as Scrub. Scrub habitat in Florida and in our Aiken County sandhills is home to many rare and unusual plants found nowhere else. Its leaves are often smaller than those of other oak species and have a distinct, wavy margin, giving the tree a unique texture.

The Japanese Privet is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to Japan, Korea, and China that was introduced into the U.S. in 1845. Known for its glossy, dark green leaves and fragrant white flowers, this versatile plant has been widely used in landscaping across the globe. Reaching heights of 10 to 15 feet, it is often grown as a hedge, privacy screen, or ornamental tree, due to its dense foliage and ease of care.

The tree's name, Japanese Privet, reflects its origins and its close relationship to other species in the Ligustrum genus, commonly known as privets. One of the key features of this tree is its ability to adapt to a wide range of soil types and climates, making it a popular choice in urban environments. It thrives in full sun to partial shade and is relatively drought-tolerant once established.

The American Holly is a native evergreen tree frequently seen as a hedge or specimen tree. Renowned for its glossy, spiny leaves and bright red berries, this tree has become an iconic symbol of the holiday season, often associated with Christmas decor and winter landscapes. It can grow up to 30-50 feet tall, with a pyramidal shape and dense foliage, making it a popular choice for ornamental planting.

The American Holly has a deep cultural significance, particularly in the U.S., where it has been used for centuries in holiday traditions and celebrations. Its distinctive red berries and vibrant green leaves symbolize the festive spirit, and it is often used in wreaths, garlands, and other seasonal decorations. During winter, the tree’s bright red berries contrast against the green foliage, providing a pop of color in otherwise barren winter landscapes.

The Fringe Tree is a native shrub or small tree prized by connoisseur garden designers and horticulturists. It gets its common name from the delicate, fringe-like white flowers that cover the tree in late spring, creating a striking appearance that looks almost like a cascade of white threads. These flowers give the tree an ethereal, cloud-like appearance, earning it the nickname “Grancy Greybeard”, referring to the long, wispy threads resembling a beard. The genus derives from Greek words meaning “snow flower.” Female plants bear dark purple-black fruits. This tree is in the olive family.

Reaching 150 feet tall, the Sycamore, or American Plane Tree, is one of the largest and most iconic trees native to North America, standing as a symbol of resilience. With its massive trunk and distinctive, patchy bark, it’s often seen growing along waterways and floodplains. This tree thrives in environments where other species might struggle, making it a symbol of endurance and adaptability.

The Sycamore’s bark is a story in itself. As it sheds its outer layer, the tree reveals an inner bark that ranges in color from white to brown, creating a camouflage-like pattern. This not only contributes to its aesthetic appeal but also plays a role in protecting the tree from pests. The leaves of the Sycamore are large and broad, creating a thick canopy of shade. This, combined with its height, makes it an excellent habitat for various wildlife, from birds to insects.

The Deodar Cedar, native to the western Himalayas, is a tree that carries an aura of mystery and beauty. Its name, “Deodar,” is derived from the Sanskrit word “Devadaru,” meaning “wood of the gods.” Revered for centuries in ancient cultures, particularly in India, it has a strong spiritual significance.

This tree is known for its beautiful, blue-green needles and its ability to adapt to various climates. It’s particularly suited for the temperate zones of South Carolina, where it thrives in well-drained soils. The Deodar Cedar’s wood is highly valued for its durability and resistance to decay, making it an ideal choice for construction and carving. Its aromatic scent is also used in incense and essential oils.
Old specimens such as the huge ones in Aiken's Hopelands Gardens develop an attractive, yet irregular, multi-trunked nature. Deodar Cedar is related to the fabled Cedar-of-Lebanon (Cedrus libani), which is mentioned in the Bible. As it grows, the Deodar Cedar forms a distinctive, conical shape, adding to its elegance. Its timeless beauty and resilience make it a cherished part of the landscape, symbolizing the enduring power of nature’s sacred gifts.

The Ginkgo, or Maidenhair Tree, is a living fossil, with a history dating back over 200 million years. Once widespread across the globe, it now survives in only a few places, making it a rare and precious tree. Native to China, the Ginkgo has become a symbol of endurance and hope, with its fan-shaped leaves and distinctive, golden autumn color.

In the US, Ginkgo is often used as a resilient street tree that survives even in the harshest conditions. It can tolerate pollution, disease, and extreme temperatures, making it a favorite among city planners. Its leaves turn a vibrant yellow in the fall, creating a stunning display that contrasts with its otherwise stoic, simple appearance. Female trees are undesirable in the landscape due to their sticky foul smelling fruits. however the nut-like seed within the fruits are edible when roasted.

This Japanese evergreen is called the Japanese Bay Tree in English, or the Tabu-no-ki Tree in Japanese. It is in the Laurel family and is a great favorite in Japan for a variety of uses including as an ornamental and a source of an incense ingredient. It has unique, dense foliage and becomes a large tree. It grows well in Aiken and in similar warm climates but is uncommon in this country. This specimen was received from Camellia Forest Nursery in North Carolina. They had collected it in China and originally called it Machilus ulmoides but no such name exists among the many species in eastern Asia.

The Paraná Pine is a slow-growing conifer, with its tall, straight trunk and needle-like leaves making it a standout in any forest or garden. Its seeds, called pine nuts, are rich in protein and have been used for centuries in both cooking and traditional medicine. This tree is native to South America, particularly Brazil. It is Christmas Tree shaped in youth and lollipop shaped in age. Known for its large, symmetrical form and its distinctive whorled branches, it adds a touch of the exotic to Aiken’s landscape. It is rarely seen in the southern U.S. and is not hardy further north.

The David Maple, also known as the Snakebark Maple, is a tree that catches the eye with its distinctive bark and elegant form. Native to Central China, this tree is admired for its unique appearance, with green and white striped bark that resembles the scales of a snake. The tree’s leaves are palmate and finely serrated, adding to its charm throughout the seasons. In the spring, it produces small, inconspicuous flowers that give way to winged seeds. The David Maple is fairly common in English gardens, but rarely seen in the US. It is growing well here despite its supposed need for a cooler climate.

Native primarily to moist soils in the south-central U.S., Pecans are planted and grown commercially far beyond the natural range. Pecan trees can live for hundreds of years, growing tall and wide, with deep roots that enable them to withstand droughts and harsh weather. Their nuts are a rich source of protein and fats, widely used in cooking, especially in desserts like pies and pralines, making the Pecan tree a true American icon. Pecan was unknown to early colonists but was cultivated by Native American Indians long before Europeans settled North America. There are a number of named varieties. Like other hickories (Carya species), its wood can be used for smoking meats.

The Red Maple is one of the most widespread and versatile trees in North America, native to the eastern and central United States and parts of Canada. Known for its striking red foliage in the fall, this deciduous tree has earned its place as a staple in both urban and natural landscapes. It is a medium-to-large tree that can grow up to 40-60 feet tall, with a broad, rounded crown and a smooth, light gray bark that darkens with age.

The Red Maple is especially admired for its vibrant red leaves in autumn, which range from fiery scarlet to orange, providing a brilliant display of color in forests, parks, and gardens. This striking seasonal transformation is one of the primary reasons the tree is so beloved in the fall months. In addition to its beautiful foliage, the tree produces red flowers in early spring, long before its leaves appear, adding to its visual appeal. Early Colonial settlers derived brown-black dyes and ink from bark extracts.

The Trilobed Red Maple (Acer rubrum var. trilobum) is a variety of red maple distinguished by its three-lobed leaves with a hairy, white underside. It typically grows up to 72 feet tall and prefers acidic, drier soils. Unlike other red maples, its leaves often turn yellow in autumn rather than red. This tree belongs to the Aceraceae family and attracts birds as part of its ecosystem.

This attractive evergreen holly is a heavy fruiting female clone of the hybrid between two native hollies. The parent species are the American Holly (Ilex opaca) and the Cassine or Dahoon Holly (Ilex cassine). It is very popular and widely planted in the South. The ‘Savannah’ Holly is highly valued for its decorative qualities and adaptability. With its glossy green leaves and bright red berries, this tree offers visual interest throughout the year, particularly in winter when many other trees are dormant. This holly’s berries provide food for birds and other wildlife during the colder months, while its dense foliage offers protection and shelter. The tree’s ability to tolerate a range of soil types and environmental conditions makes it a hardy choice for the region.

The Shumard Oak, noted for its attractive leaves, is an underutilized native which deserves wider planting as a street tree. It is a member of the red oak subgroup, denoted by bristle-tipped lobes and bi-yearly acorn crops. It can be confused with Black Oak, Scarlet Oak, Nutall Oak, Pin Oak and Northern Red Oak. Native to the southeastern United States, this oak is known for its large size, symmetrical shape, and brilliant fall colors.

Clammy Locust is a pink-flowered shrub or small tree that is a relative of the familiar native Black Locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia). It is named for its sticky, glandular branches and leaves, which give it a distinctive texture. This tree is uncommon and intermittently scattered across the eastern U.S. Though native to eastern North America, this specimen was grown from seed obtained from the botanical garden in Coimbra, Portugal! The tree produces small, fragrant flowers in the spring, which attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies. Its pods, which contain seeds, are eaten by wildlife, including birds and squirrels. As a member of the legume family, the Clammy Locust also has the ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, improving soil health and promoting the growth of other plants.

Chinese Quince is a small to medium size tree related to, but quite different from the common European Quince of quince jelly fame. It has pink flowers in spring followed by large hard fruits which turn yellow. The fruits are aromatic, but more curious than useful. In ancient Chinese culture, the fruit was believed to have healing properties, especially for digestive health. While occasionally seen in southern gardens and landscapes, it is not common.

The Armenian Oak is a rare and majestic tree, its large, dark green leaves contrasting beautifully with its grayish-brown bark. This species grows slowly but steadily, often reaching 50 feet tall at maturity. Native to the Caucasus region, we are fortunate to have it in Aiken’s outstanding oak collection. Grafted on Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor) rootstock, this tree was donated by Heritage Seedlings Nursery in Salem, Oregon and is not found in many landscape plantings or gardens in the eastern U.S.

The ‘Lace Parasol’ Winged Elm, named for its striking, umbrella-like canopy, is a tree of unique beauty. Known for its distinct winged bark along the branches, this cultivar of the Winged Elm offers a rare visual spectacle, especially when its leaves turn golden in the fall. The original tree of this unusual weeping or pendulous mutant of the native Winged Elm was originally found in the wild near Chapel Hill, North Carolina in the 1940’s. That tree ended up in the J.C. Raulston Arboretum in Raleigh, where it grows today. The tree you stand in front of now was high grafted on ordinary Winged Elm, and given to Aiken by Ted Stephens at Nurseries Caroliniana in North Augusta, SC.

We present this tree as a Smooth Redbud (Cercis glabra), but there is some confusion as to the proper identity or classification of this and of several Chinese species of Redbud. This specimen is a slow-growing shrubby plant, with the typical heart-shaped leaves and showy deep pink flowers in early spring. These blossoms are a favorite of early pollinators, providing vital nourishment to bees and butterflies. The shrub’s smooth, heart-shaped leaves then unfurl, offering a canopy of soft green that provides dappled shade throughout the warmer months.

Little Silverbell is one of two species of Silverbell found wild in Aiken County. This uncommon small tree is an attractive ornamental with abundant white flowers in spring. It is distinguished from the more common Carolina Silverbell (Halesia tetraptera) by its smaller flowers, stigmas which protrude slightly out of the bell-like flowers, and its more southern range. The flowers, often white or pale pink, dangle from the branches like delicate pendants, giving the tree its name.

Lithocarpus fohaiensis is an evergreen tree in the beech family Fagaceae, within the “stone oak” genus Lithocarpus, whose species bear hard nut-like acorns. It is native to parts of China, where it grows in forested mountain habitats. The species has woody, bowl-shaped fruit cups that only partly enclose the nut, a typical but distinctive feature among stone oaks.

Oliver’s Maple is a rare and unique tree that is somewhat similar to Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) but has leaves that resemble Sweetgum (Liquidambar) foliage. It is heat tolerant and while little-known in the U.S. is a fine small to medium sized tree for the South. Native to China, this species was introduced to the region for its ornamental value and its striking fall color. The tree’s glossy green leaves turn brilliant shades of orange and red in autumn.

This purple flowered Empress Tree is apparently widely cultivated in Taiwan and other warm regions. It had long been considered a valid species but is now considered to be a hybrid between Paulownia fortunei and Paulownia kawakamii. This tree is prized for its showy, large purple flowers that bloom in early spring, followed by broad, heart-shaped leaves. This plant was grown from seed collected in Taiwan and distributed by the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C.

The Hybrid Empress Tree, a cross between Paulownia fortunei and Paulownia elongata, combines the best characteristics of its parent species. Known for its fast growth, the Hybrid Empress Tree is often regarded as one of the fastest-growing trees in the world, capable of reaching impressive heights in just a few years. Native to East Asia, it has made its way into landscapes worldwide due to its quick maturation and striking features.

The tree’s large, heart-shaped leaves and vibrant, purple flowers—appearing in early spring—make it a standout in any garden. Its flowers, which resemble trumpet-shaped clusters, are not only visually striking but also attract pollinators. Its leaves, which can grow to significant sizes, provide ample shade during the summer months.

The Japanese Chinquapin is a lesser-known but cherished tree that adds a touch of the Far East to the landscape of Aiken. Native to Japan, this medium to large tree has attractive evergreen foliage that is metallic coppery colored on the undersurface. Castanopsis is rather intermediate between Chestnut and Oak, having white racemes of flowers like the Chestunut and acorns like the Oak.

Kalkora mimosa (Albizia kalkora) is a deciduous tree in the legume family (Fabaceae), native to northeastern India and nearby Asia. It has a broad, airy crown with finely divided, fern-like leaves and creamy white to yellow powder-puff summer flowers. Its leaves fold at night, and it can hybridize with the common silk tree, giving it some ornamental and curiosity value.

The Fortune Fontainesia is a graceful large hardy shrub with attractive, long-lasting flowers and a unique appearance. Native to China, this tree is named after the French botanist Fortune, who explored the flora of the region. The Fortune Fontainesia is particularly noted for its pendulous clusters of creamy white flowers that bloom in late spring and early summer, adding an elegant touch to gardens and parks. After flowering, the tree produces small, leathery fruits that add further interest, making it a year-round beauty.

The Kalkora Mimosa is a striking, fast-growing Chinese tree that stands out for its delicate, pink, puffball-like flowers and feathery foliage. After the flowers fade, the tree produces long, flat seed pods that dangle from the branches, adding another layer of visual intrigue. This species differs from the common Mimosa in having rougher bark, showy white flowers, and coarser foliage. Although it seems well adapted to the southern U.S,. it is rarely seen in cultivation. Unlike the common Mimosa it has not widely escaped into the wild, and is perhaps less susceptible to the blight which frequently kills the common mimosa.

Tarahumara oak (Quercus tarahumara) is a medium-sized evergreen tree in the beech family Fagaceae, native to the Sierra Madre Occidental of northwestern Mexico. It reaches about 10 m tall and bears strikingly large, rigid leaves up to 30 cm across, green above and tan beneath. A fun fact: its broad, basin-shaped leaves have earned it the nickname “handbasin oak.”

The Yunnan Redbud is a stunning tree from China that is similar to other species in that it has heart-shaped leaves and showy pink flowers in spring. The tree’s flowers appear early in the season, often before the leaves unfurl, covering the branches in a vibrant display that heralds the arrival of spring. After flowering, the heart-shaped leaves take over, providing a lush, green canopy that offers shade and shelter to the surrounding environment. This tree tends to be more tardily deciduous than other Redbuds.

The Joy Lotus Tree is a rare and captivating species of magnolia that is celebrated for its large, fragrant, white flowers that resemble lotuses, giving it a striking and elegant appearance. The Joy Lotus Tree blooms in early spring, before its glossy green leaves appear, filling the air with a sweet fragrance that is both refreshing and inviting. It is a relatively recent introduction into the southern U.S. where it appears to grow well. Its slow growth and relatively small size make it a perfect choice for landscaping in smaller spaces or as a focal point in larger gardens.

Dwarf live oak (Quercus minima) is a low, rhizomatous oak shrub in the beech family (Fagaceae), usually under about 2–6 feet tall with small, semi-evergreen leaves and tiny acorns. Native to sandy pinewoods and coastal sandhills of the southeastern United States, it often forms dense colonies that provide food and shelter for wildlife and serves as a host plant for several moth and butterfly species.

Golden rain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata) is a small to medium deciduous tree in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), native to China and Korea but widely planted as an ornamental in North America and Europe. It typically grows 25–40 feet tall with an open, rounded crown, feathery compound leaves, and showy yellow midsummer flower sprays followed by papery, lantern-like seed pods that often persist into fall. A fun fact is that its dense yellow bloom “shower” gives the appearance of golden rain, and its tolerance of heat, drought, pollution, and poor soils makes it a popular urban street and patio tree.

The White Oak is a revered native tree in Aiken, and for good reason. Known for its stately presence, wide canopy, and longevity, the White Oak is a symbol of strength and endurance. The tree’s deeply lobed, dark green leaves turn brilliant shades of red and purple in the fall, creating a stunning visual display each autumn. Beneath the canopy, the White Oak’s acorns provide an important food source for wildlife, including squirrels, deer, and various bird species. The leaf is the model for the familiar logo of the Nature Conservancy. Just off Colleton Avenue on Marion Street is a very large White Oak, one of the biggest trees in Aiken.

The Mohr Oak (also known as Scrub Oak or Shin Oak) is a rare and unique species of oak that is native to western Texas, where it sometimes grows as a thicket-forming shrub, especially on prairies where it gets burned back by wildfires. The Mohr Oak’s leaves, which are a lighter green compared to other oak species, turn a rich golden yellow in the fall, adding a touch of warmth to the landscape. Not a species one would expect to see in this region, but it is represented in Aiken’s outstanding and extremely diverse collection of oaks.

The White Bark Crepe Myrtle is a Chinese species that is little known in this country. It resembles the common Crepe Myrtle but has small white flowers and very pale, almost white, stems. This individual was propagated from one in Virginia that had been introduced by the U.S. National Arboretum from material collected in Taiwan.

The Southern Magnolia, Magnolia grandiflora, is a symbol of the American South, embodying timeless beauty and elegance. This majestic tree is famous for its large, creamy white flowers that release a sweet, fragrant aroma in late spring and early summer. The glossy, dark green leaves of the Southern Magnolia create a stunning contrast against the brilliant white blooms, providing visual interest throughout the year. The genus Magnolia honors French botanist Pierre Magnol, who died having never seen any of these spectacular plants that commemorate his name!

The Shortleaf Pine occurs in 21 states, from New York south to Florida and west to Texas and Missouri. Due to a lower resin content, its wood is of higher quality for some uses than the other Southern pines and is used as veneer and for exterior and interior finish, barrels and plywood. This medium-sized pine tree is characterized by its short, flexible needles, which grow in bundles of two or three. The tree’s bark is scaly and reddish-brown, and its small, brown cones add to its winter interest.

The Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) is a symbol of strength and endurance. Native to the southeastern United States, this tree thrives in coastal areas and is known for its majestic, sprawling branches that provide significant shade, and which are often seen hung with Spanish Moss. Due to its dense strong wood, it was important for ship building during the days of wooden ships. Native American Indians used tannins derived from the bark for dyeing leather. Don't miss the inspiring avenue of large live oaks lining South Boundary Avenue here in Aiken.

The Oriental Arborvitae, also known as the Chinese Arborvitae or Eastern Arborvitae, is a coniferous tree native to China, Mongolia, and parts of Siberia. It has been cherished for centuries in Eastern cultures for its beauty, hardiness, and practical uses. In traditional Chinese medicine, the tree was considered sacred and was used for medicinal purposes, especially in promoting longevity and treating ailments. Oriental Arborvitae is best known from its dwarf, golden-leaved cultivars. An old variety 'Berckmans' Arborvitae was introduced by the former Fruitlands Nursery of Augusta, GA, now the location of the famous Augusta National Golf Course.

The Flowering Dogwood is a beloved native tree in the eastern United States, celebrated for its stunning springtime blossoms. Known for its showy flowers, which are actually bracts surrounding a cluster of small flowers, it has become a symbol of beauty and resilience. The tree’s flowers bloom in early spring, followed by vibrant red berries in the fall. Many named varieties, including pink flowered selections are sold by nurseries. The solid, shock resistant wood has been used to make a variety of things including mallets. Its bark and roots were used by Native American Indians to treat malaria.

The Silver Maple is a fast-growing, deciduous tree native to eastern and central North America. Known for its graceful, silvery-green leaves that shimmer in the wind, it is a favorite for shade and ornamental use in urban landscapes. Its rapid growth makes it a popular choice for providing quick coverage and cooling shade.

The Flowering Crabapple is a small deciduous tree that is valued for its stunning spring blossoms and ornamental qualities. Its profuse, fragrant flowers range from white to shades of pink and red, creating a dramatic show of color each spring. The flowers are followed by small, decorative fruits that add interest to the tree well into the fall. This specimen is believed to be the Japanese Flowering Crabapple, but there are countless and confusing named varieties and hybrids offered by nurseries. In the South most flowering crabapples are beset with all sorts of insect and disease problems, so are not good choices as ornamentals.

Introduced from France by Andre Michaux into Charleston in the late 1700’s, Crape Myrtle was long grown in India but has its true origins in China. This was unknown to early European botanists (thus, the species name indica). The tree is known for its vibrant, crinkled flowers that bloom in shades of pink, red, purple, or white. These flowers bloom in mid-summer, providing a burst of color when many other trees are not in bloom. In addition to its striking flowers, the Crepe Myrtle is admired for its smooth, exfoliating bark, which reveals shades of cream, brown, and gray as it sheds. The tree’s small, dark green leaves turn vibrant red and orange in the fall, ensuring visual interest throughout the year.

The Mexican Linden, is a lesser-known species of linden tree (also called Basswood or “Lime” in England), native to the highland regions of Mexico. This tree is valued for its heart-shaped leaves and its ability to thrive in a variety of climates. The Mexican Linden is particularly known for its fragrant yellow flowers, which bloom in late spring to early summer. Bees make a fine honey from Basswood flowers and the wood is a favorite of wood carvers and furniture makers.

Related to figs and mulberries, and not oranges, Osage Orange was planted as thorny, impenetrable hedgerows in the central plains prior to the invention of barbed wire. Its wood was used by Native American Indians in fashioning bows, hence the French-derived name “Bois d’Arc” (Bow-wood). A yellow dye was derived from the roots, and the bark was used for tanning leather. Female trees produce the large green "oranges" which are not edible.

The Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus) belongs to the pea family (Fabaceae) and is native to the Midwest and parts of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. It is a large deciduous tree growing 60-100 feet tall, with thick, grayish, deeply furrowed bark and bipinnately compound leaves that emerge late in spring. Its seed pods are thick, woody, and reddish-brown, containing seeds once used as a coffee substitute by early settlers. The tree is notable for its rugged, coarse branches that give it a "naked" appearance in winter, and it thrives in moist woods, floodplains, and urban areas due to its pollution tolerance.

The Chinese honey locust (Gleditsia sinensis) is a hardy, exotic deciduous tree in the Fabaceae family, native to China, India, and Korea. It grows up to about 12 meters tall and is notable for its impressive, robust thorns and delicate pinnate leaves that turn a majestic yellow in autumn. It produces fragrant white flowers and large bean-like pods. The tree is valued for its dense, spreading canopy that provides excellent shade and its cold tolerance down to -26°C.

The Caspian Honeylocust (Gleditsia caspica) is a medium-sized deciduous tree native to the Caucasus region near the Caspian Sea in western Asia. It reaches about 12 meters in height and is notable for having numerous long, branched spines on its trunk and branches, making it known as "the spikiest tree." Its leaves can be pinnate or bipinnate, and it typically has a yellow fall color. The tree prefers full sun and well-drained soil, tolerates drought and urban conditions, and is resistant to some diseases. It is part of the Fabaceae (legume) family and is distinguished by its dense, thorny bark and tolerance to various soil types. Its spiny nature and adaptation to its native region make it unique among honeylocust species.

The ‘Smith Fogle’ Magnolia is a distinctive cultivar of the classic Southern Magnolia, known for its large, fragrant white flowers and glossy evergreen leaves. This fine selection was introduced by Shady Grove Nursery in Orangeburg, SC and named for one of their managers. Many have commented that the leaves of this selection resemble those of the so-called Rubber Plant, a familiar tropical tree in the fig family that is often grown as a house plant.

This small to medium-sized tree is a hybrid between the American Catalpa bignonioides and the Chinese Catalpa ovata. It originated in cultivation in the 19th Century. This is the variety ‘Purpurea’ which is notable for the blackish purple color of the young foliage in spring which later changes to dark green. The showy white flowers offer a sweet fragrance; they are smaller than those of the American parent.

The Japanese Pittosporum is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to Japan, Korea, and China. Known for its fragrant white flowers and glossy, dark green leaves, it is a popular choice in landscaping for its versatility, ornamental beauty, and ability to thrive in various conditions. Reaching heights of 6 to 10 feet, it is often used as a hedge, privacy screen, or foundation plant, adding year-round greenery to gardens and urban environments. One of this shrub’s most distinctive features is its fragrant, white flowers that bloom in late spring to early summer. These flowers have a sweet, citrus-like scent that attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies, making it a valuable addition to pollinator-friendly gardens. After flowering, the tree produces small, rounded fruits that contain seeds, which are sometimes used in seed propagation.

The “Stellar Series” of hybrid dogwoods was developed by Dr. Elwin Orton at Rutgers University in the 1970s, with the goal of combining the best characteristics of both parent species, creating a tree with superior disease resistance, enhanced ornamental features, and better adaptability to varying climates. The various named selections are the result of the Chinese Dogwood being crossed with the American Flowering Dogwood.

The hybrid dogwood inherits the large, showy flowers from both parents, featuring creamy white bracts that surround small, yellowish-green centers. These flowers bloom in late spring to early summer, attracting pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

The Longleaf Pine is a tree that commands respect with its towering height and distinctive, long needles. It once dominated around 92 million acres in the southern U.S. from Virginia to Texas. Its deep taproot allows it to survive droughts and fires, making it an embodiment of resilience (some specimens can reach well over 500 years). This species was a major source of valuable timber and a leading source of tar, pitch, and turpentine known as naval stores. A virgin forest of scattered Longleaf Pine with an understory of grasses and wildflowers once covered this spot and much of Aiken County. Now reduced to a mere remnant, it has been replaced by agriculture, development, and short rotation plantations of Slash and Loblolly Pine. Prescribed fire is now being used to restore examples of this ecosystem in Aiken's HItchcock Woods and elsewhere in the South.

The Red Mulberry, Morus rubra, is native to the eastern United States and is celebrated for its edible fruit and ecological benefits. This medium-sized tree is dioecious, which means that male and female trees are separate. Female trees bear sweet, dark purple or red cylindrical fruits in late spring to early summer, which are loved by birds, wildlife, and humans alike. The fruit is often eaten fresh or used in jams, jellies, and pies, making the Red Mulberry a tree with both practical and ornamental value.

Commonly seen as a shade tree in the South, Water Oak is tolerant of heavy, wet soils and drought. In the spring, it produces small flowers that are pollinated by the wind, followed by acorns that serve as food for a variety of animals. Tardily deciduous, it often holds its leaves through the winter in the South, and displays no notable fall color. Water Oaks also play an important role in the local ecosystem by stabilizing the soil and preventing erosion in riparian zones.

Native to dry, sandy upland sites, Darlington Oak is planted in the South as a semi-evergreen street tree. Although as long-lived as Live Oak (Quercus virginiana), Darlington Oak is hardy further north, growing successfully in the Midwest. It is often mistaken for other oaks, particularly the bottomland Laurel Oak or Diamond-leaf Oak (Quercus laurifolia). The Darlington Oak has smooth, shiny leaves that are a distinctive feature of the tree. In fall, the leaves turn a rich golden brown, adding a splash of color to the landscape. The tree’s rapid growth and adaptability make it a popular choice for urban forestry projects, as it can withstand a range of environmental stresses, from drought to storms.

Tanoaks are evergreen trees related to the oaks and the chestnuts. This one, native to Taiwan, is rare and little-known in the U.S. It was grown from seed received through the International Oak Society who we have to thank for many of the rare oaks and oak relatives in our Aiken City Arboretum collection. While not truly an oak, the Taiwan Tanoak is closely related to the traditional oaks and shares many of their characteristics. It produces small, acorn-like fruits that are consumed by both wildlife and humans in some parts of the world. The wood of the Taiwan Tanoak is dense and durable, historically used for crafting tools and building structures in Taiwan.

Kawakami stone oak is a stone-oak tree in the beech family (Fagaceae), scientifically known as Lithocarpus edulis. It is native to southern Japan and typically grows as an evergreen up to about 15 m tall with dense, glossy foliage. The bitter but edible nuts contain tannins that can be leached out by soaking, and the tree is sometimes cultivated ornamentally for its attractive canopy.

The medium sized Chinese Tupelo is a Chinese relative of our native Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica). It is surprising how similar are the floras of China and eastern North America. This tree is rare in the U.S. Dr. Michael Dirr writes that it “is a virtual recluse and, to my knowledge, is hidden in a select few gardens in the United States”. In spring, the tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are followed by dark blue-black fruit, which birds eagerly consume. It boasts glossy, dark green leaves that turn a brilliant red, orange, and purple in the fall.

This interesting and uncommon Chinese tree is Playtcarya. It is related to the walnuts but it apparently has no common name, at least not in English. The tree’s most distinguishing feature is its fruit—catkins that resemble pine cones—hanging delicately from the branches in late summer and early fall. These can be used as craft items. Known for its adaptability, this tree grows quickly and is often found in river valleys and floodplains, thriving in moist, well-drained soils.

The Soapberry tree, also known as Soap Nut, is native to tropical regions of the Americas and parts of Asia. The tree produces clusters of yellow, marble-size fruits containing saponins — natural compounds that create a soapy lather when crushed. Historically, these fruits were used by indigenous peoples as a natural soap for washing, earning the tree its distinctive name. In India they are used for various medicinal purposes.

Taiwan incense cedar (Calocedrus formosana) is a medium-sized conifer in the cypress family (Cupressaceae), endemic to mountainous forests of Taiwan. It grows about 20–25 m tall, with orange-brown bark that becomes fissured and exfoliates in strips and flat sprays of scale-like leaves. Its aromatic, decay-resistant reddish wood has been prized locally, and wild trees are now considered rare.

The Amur Maackia, native to Manchuria, is a lesser-known in the legume family. It is prized for its striking bark, which exfoliates to reveal a rich cinnamon-brown color, providing visual interest year-round. The Amur Maackia’s small, creamy white flowers bloom in summer, attracting pollinators and creating a delicate contrast against its dark green, compound leaves. While it is growing well here in Aiken, it is probably best suited to, and more likely to be seen in, cooler regions. Its name commemorates a Baltic German naturalist, Richard Maack.

‘Fairhope’ is a choice clone of the familiar Southern Magnolia (see at #93). It was propagated from an exceptionally handsome tree by the post office in Fairhope, Alabama. This variety is prized for its compact form and impressive flowering display, making it an ideal choice for both large estates and smaller gardens. The tree’s signature large, creamy white flowers appear in late spring and early summer, filling the air with a sweet fragrance. Seedling trees from this cloned varietal have been highly variable and are often inferior.

The White-flowered Empress Tree is a close relative of the Taiwan Empress Tree. In early spring, before the large heart shaped leaves come out, it is spectacular with huge clusters of large white trumpet shaped flowers marked with purple in the throat. This specimen was received from the U.S. National Arboretum having been grown from seed collected in Taiwan. A related and more cold hardy Chinese species with purple flowers Paulownia tomentosa is widely naturalized in eastern U.S.

Texas privet is a common name for Waxleaf or Japanese privet, Ligustrum japonicum ‘Texanum’, in the olive family (Oleaceae). It is an evergreen shrub with dense, glossy, dark green leaves and clusters of fragrant white spring flowers. Often grown as a hedge in warm climates, it is valued for its drought tolerance and neat, easily clipped form.

The Sapphire Dragon Tree, a cultivar of the Paulownia genus, is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to East Asia and is known for its stunning, violet-blue flowers. Its blossoms, which appear in early spring, are a striking contrast to its broad, heart-shaped leaves. It flowers considerably later in spring than the other Empress Trees in our collection. This specimen was grown from seed collected in Taiwan and distributed by the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C.

Dwarf Southern Magnolia is a compact cultivar of Magnolia grandiflora in the magnolia family, Magnoliaceae. It typically reaches 15–25 feet, with glossy evergreen leaves and large, fragrant white flowers. Native to the southeastern United States, it suits smaller gardens and urban spaces. A fun fact: it blooms for an extended season compared with the full-size Southern Magnolia.

The Spring Herald, or Forestiera pubescens, is a small, deciduous tree native to the southeastern United States. Known for its early spring blossoms, this tree plays an important role in marking the arrival of warmer weather. Its delicate, pale yellow flowers emerge before the leaves, creating a soft, cloud-like effect in the landscape. This early-blooming characteristic gives it its name, as it heralds the changing seasons, signaling the end of winter.

Swamp privet is a deciduous shrub or small tree in the olive family (Oleaceae), typically 10– 30 feet tall. It grows in swamps, floodplains, and other wet lowlands of the southeastern and central United States. Its opposite leaves turn yellow in fall, and it bears early spring yellowish flowers followed by dark, olive-like fruits that are relished by ducks and other birds.

Related to the Sugar Maple, the Chalk Maple is so named for its light gray bark, which often peels away in thin, papery strips, creating a striking contrast to its dark green leaves. The tree’s leaves, which are smaller than those of other maples, turn yellow to orange in the fall, providing a subtle but beautiful display of color. Its seeds, like those of other maples, are winged and are dispersed by the wind in early spring. It is native to wooded hillsides in the southeastern U.S. where it is usually a small multi-stem understory tree.

Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis) is a small deciduous tree in the pea family (Fabaceae), native to eastern and central North America. It typically grows 20–30 feet tall with a broad, often multi-stemmed crown and distinctive heart-shaped leaves. In early spring, bright pink to rosy-purple pea-like flowers bloom on bare branches, sometimes directly from the trunk, and are followed by flat seed pods, a fun legume-family giveaway.

The ‘Merrill’ Loebner Magnolia is a stunning hybrid tree that combines the best qualities of its parent species, the star magnolia and the Kobus magnolia. The tree is known for its fragrant, star-like white flowers and its early spring blooms. It is hardy in cold climates. The ‘Merrill’ variety was raised in 1939 from seed at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, MA and was developed for its larger flowers and more vigorous growth. These plants date from the early 1980’s and are among the first trees donated to the City of Aiken by Woodlanders Nursery.

The Chinese Elm, also known as Lacebark Elm, is a graceful and adaptable shade tree that is now widely planted. Good examples line Laurens Street in downtown Aiken. Native to China, Korea, and Japan, this tree is admired for its beautiful, finely textured leaves and its smooth, mottled bark, which peels away in thin layers to reveal a striking pattern of gray, brown, and green. The tree produces small, winged seeds that are dispersed by the wind, allowing it to spread and naturalize in a variety of locations.

Siebold’s chinquapin is a deciduous shrub or small tree in the beech family (Fagaceae), usually classified as Castanea crenata var. sieboldii. It is native to Japan and nearby East Asia, with serrated, chestnut-like leaves and prickly burs containing small edible nuts. A fun distinction is its use as a dwarf or ornamental form of Japanese chestnut in gardens.

Paper Mulberry is an Asian tree somewhat naturalized in the southern U.S. It is not a true mulberry but is related. The inner bark is used in Japan and in the South Pacific to make paper and tapa cloth. It grows rapidly and has distinctive heart-shaped leaves. In spring, the tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that later give way to fruit resembling small berries. It can be invasive and usually spreads by root sprouts as seed producing female plants seem to be rare. Originally it may have been mistakenly introduced into the U.S. as the food plant of silk worms.

The Bluff Oak is a medium to large tree is related to White Oak. It is uncommon, being found only in scattered locations in the Deep South. The species is known for its distinctive, slender leaves and ability to grow in both dry and moist soils. This oak has grown well in Aiken and may deserve to become better-known and more widely available from nurseries. This particular specimen is from Wakulla County, Florida.

When it was introduced to England by Mark Catesby in 1726, Southern Catalpa excited Europeans by its tropical appearance. A tree of great texture due to its large heart-shaped leaves and huge flower trusses, these trees still grace the Houses of Parliament in London. Southern Catalpa is widely planted around Southern homes as a food source for catalpa worms, an excellent fish bait, which annually defoliate the trees without killing them. The tree also boasts large, heart-shaped leaves and showy, trumpet-shaped white flowers. In addition to its flowers, the Southern Catalpa produces long, cylindrical seed pods, which can be seen hanging from the tree throughout the fall and winter. These pods, while not edible for humans, provide food for wildlife and add a touch of interest to the tree during the colder months.