SPK Railway Station
Let's take a journey back in time to the second half of the 19th century. Kolosourtis just blew the whistle! The train from Katakolo has arrived in Pyrgos. Right in front of us stands the railway station of Greece's first regional railway line, which connected Pyrgos with the port of Katakolo. Completed in 1882, this railway line played a crucial role in facilitating the export of the region's primary product: raisins. Raisin cultivation, in the past, brought great value and prosperity to the region, leaving an indelible mark on its history. However, it also witnessed the region's subsequent decline.Our grandparents fondly remember the old trains, the summer baths in Katakolo, pushing the train uphill, the sight of vineyards passing by, the joyful laughter, and even the playful hide-and-seek games with the ticket inspectors. Although officially known as SPK (Railway Pyrgos Katakolo), it was colloquially referred to as Kolosourtis. Interestingly, the term literally translates to "having difficulty in pulling your bum."
Room portraits
Room portraitsStep into the childhood home of decorator Haris Kanellakopoulos, where he has curated a captivating exhibition honoring his parents, Christos and Maria Kanellakopoulou-Poulopoulou. This nostalgic space showcases furniture, decorations, and everyday objects from old houses in the city. From the dining room and living room to the bedroom and kitchen, you'll find a treasure trove of antique items: coffee cups, copper cookware, embroidered linens, and vintage furniture. The bedrooms feature a characteristic iconostasis, a box which contained holy icons and wedding crowns. This exhibition evokes cherished memories for older visitors and introduces younger generations to an era filled with dreams and hard work.
Drachma Square
The drachma served as the currency in Ancient Greece for approximately ten centuries, primarily in the form of silver and occasionally gold. It was unique to each city-state that used it, but it circulated widely throughout the Mediterranean due to trade. During the 5th century BC, the Athenian tetradrachm emerged as the most prevalent currency in Greece before the era of Alexander the Great. One side of the coin featured the goddess Athena, while the other depicted an owl, earning it the nickname "glauka" (owl). The drachma was used again by the modern Greek state until 2002. In homage to the ancient drachma's "glauka," the owl is portrayed on the Greek one euro coins as a symbol of remembrance.
St Kiriaki
Among the earliest known inhabitants of Pyrgos was Charalambos Vilaetis, who arrived with his family, shepherds, and flocks from the mountainous region of Epirus at the end of the 18th century. He carried with him an icon of his patron saint, Agios Charalambos, and constructed a small church dedicated to him on the outer part of Pyrgos. This saint was believed to protect the city from various calamities, particularly the plague, during challenging times under Ottoman rule. The Vilaetis family, alongside many other residents, fought valiantly for their freedom.Centuries passed, and as freedom was attained, the locals remained devoted to their patron saint, Agios Charalambos. Their desire was to build a grand, magnificent church that would surpass the modest original structure located amidst the surrounding marshland. Construction of the church commenced in honor of Saint Charalambos, with the incorporation of distinctive Gothic arches to pay homage to Bavarian King Otto, the first king of the new Greek state. In 1840, during a visit, King Otto witnessed the completed church. Notably, travelers from that era documented details of the church, such as a large marble slab featuring a carved double-headed eagle with a crown, which remains at the church to this day but has been moved from the center to the outer part of the south wall.Modifications have been made to the exquisite wood-carved templon, which serves as the dividing wall between the main area and the altar. Adhering to the principles of the Greek Orthodox Church, the icon of the Virgin Mary is placed on the left side of the main door, accompanied by the icon of the church's patron saint. However, in the present arrangement, the icon of Agia Kyriaki is located in this position, while below it is depicted the martyrdom of Agios Charalambos, whose icon has been moved to the adjacent space. Below the icon of Saint Charalambos, a depiction related to Saint Kyriaki is displayed.This change took place around 1910 due to an influx of people from the mountainous central Peloponnese who settled in the town and desired to honor their patron saint, Saint Kyriaki. In 1882, the first bell for the church was crafted and still stands in the bell tower. It bears the embossed inscription "Bell of Holy Church of Agios Charalambos and Agia Kyriaki." A postcard from 1905, created by a German traveler of that time, showcases the impressive altar of the church and reveals that until then, the icon of Agios Charalambos remained in its original position next to the icon of the Virgin Mary.Since 1946, Agios Charalambos has been established as the patron saint of the city of Pyrgos. However, it remains a paradox that to this day, there is no dedicated church honoring the beloved patron saint of the city, Agios Charalambos, but only a small chapel. Consequently, his annual celebration takes place every year on February 10th in the magnificent church of Agia Kyriaki.
Letrinon
Letrini, an ancient city in the region, was situated along the plain road that connected Olympia with Ilis, the city-state responsible for organizing the Olympic Games. It is believed to have been located near the present-day village of Ag. Ioannis, roughly midway between Katakolon and Pyrgos. The city derived its name from Letreas, the son of Pelops.Pelops, the mythical king of the region, holds significance in the myths surrounding the origin of the Olympic Games. The wider region of the Peloponnese is named after him. In Letrini, there was a shrine dedicated to the Alpheian Artemis, housing a statue of the goddess. According to Pausanias, Artemis sought refuge there when she was pursued by Alpheios, a minor god associated with a nearby river, who had assumed the form of a hunter. To elude him, Artemis disguised herself among the nymphs who were performing nocturnal rituals. The goddess instructed the nymphs to smear their faces with clay, preventing Alpheios from identifying her. According to mythology, the bones of Pelops were also said to be preserved in the city.The Letrinians are mentioned by Xenophon as allies of Sparta against Ilis in 400 BC.From 1833 until the 1980s, the broader area around Pyrgos was referred to as the municipality of Letrina, which now corresponds to the municipality of Pyrgos.
Main square/Town Hall
The original area of the square, before 1944, encompassed the space to your left, specifically to the left of Letrinon Street, possibly even smaller. Within this section, you'll find some of the oldest surviving buildings in the city. The first building on your left once housed a branch of the Bank of Greece. The second building, known as Kronio cafe since 1890 and later as Ermeion, had a varied history. During the Italian occupation in 1941, it was taken over by the Italians and called Casa de soldato. In 1943, during the German occupation, it functioned as a cinema named Rex. It continued operating until 1989 when it was converted into a cafe and music venue, now known as Rex-akrobatis. During World War II, three shelters were in operation in this part of the square.To the right of Letrinon Street stands the new Town Hall of Pyrgos, a neoclassical building with remarkable architecture that embellishes the central square. It was constructed through a donation from the renowned shipowner Ioannis Latsis, who hailed from the nearby port of Katakolo. The building was completed in 1985. The old town hall was previously located approximately opposite the current town hall but was tragically destroyed by fire in 1944 during the outbreak of the civil war, which followed the end of the Second World War.The name of the square has undergone several changes over the years. Presently, it bears the name of Sakis Karagiorgas from Pyrgos, in recognition of his courageous actions during the dictatorship that gripped Greece in the late 1960s and early 1970s, as well as his significant contributions to education. Sakis Karagiorgas played a key role in the formation of the "Democratic Defense," an organization against the dictatorship. He was arrested when an explosive device detonated in his hands and endured inhumane torture despite his injuries. After the fall of the dictatorship, he participated in public affairs and taught social sciences. A notable honor was his election as the rector of Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences in Athens.
St Nikolaos
In front of us stands the Cathedral of St. Nikolaos, an Orthodox church. It was established in 1897, a decade after the previous church was destroyed by an earthquake, and was inaugurated in 1906. The cathedral is designed as a three-aisled basilica. The right aisle is dedicated to Saint Eleftherios, while the left aisle honors Saint Andreas. Covering an area of 1000 square meters, the church has endured significant damage from earthquakes over the years and underwent its most recent restoration in 2017.Opposite the entrance, there is a striking mosaic of 'Platytera ton Ouranon' or 'More spacious than the Heavens.' This poetic depiction signifies the belief that Mary, as the mother of Christ, carried the creator of the universe in her womb. Following Orthodox tradition, the mosaic is positioned on the half dome above the altar, where the floor and ceiling meet, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth through Mary.The presence of a two-storied matroneum, internal galleries above the vestibule, is rare in the Greek region. It adds to the unique architectural features of the church.In front of the church, you will find the busts of two bishops. On the right side is the bust of Bishop Filaretos, who served as the bishop of the region during the final years of Ottoman rule. In the tumultuous period leading up to the Greek revolution, the Ottoman commander of the Peloponnese invited influential bishops and dignitaries, including Bishop Filaretos, to his headquarters in Tripoli. After the revolution began, these bishops and dignitaries were imprisoned in an underground jail under inhumane conditions for six months until the city of Tripoli was besieged and liberated by Theodoros Kolokotronis. Sadly, only a few of the prisoners survived the hardships and typhus. Bishop Filaretos was among the survivors but passed away just one day after his liberation.On the left side stands the bust of Bishop Athanasios, who distinguished himself through his charitable work, particularly during the 1970s.
Eparcheion Viepoint
Pyrgos is the Greek word for tower.We have arrived at the site where the tower that bestowed Pyrgos its name once stood. The intriguing history of this area attributes the city's foundation to Georgios Tsernotas. According to tradition, during the Ottoman rule of Greece, around the 1500s, Tsernotas discovered a significant amount of gold liras while digging a well for his cattle near St. Spyridonas. Acting diplomatically, he surrendered the treasure to the Ottoman Sultan. As a reward, Tsernotas was appointed as the overseer of the area. He selected the hill upon which we now stand to construct his tower. This strategic location offered control over the nearby Katakolon port and was safeguarded by two lakes that covered a substantial portion of the plains before us. Along with the Alfeios River, the lake of Agoulinitsa to the right, and lake Mouria to the left and front, served as natural boundaries. A local verse proclaims, "Whoever eats fish from Mouria and drinks water from Tsernotas' well shall never forget Pyrgos."In the 1970s, efforts were made to combat malaria and expand arable land, resulting in the drainage of these lakes. As a result, the hill lost its watery surroundings. Despite undergoing multiple changes due to partial destruction over the years, the tower continued to serve as the seat of the city governor. This association bestowed the hill with the name "Eparcheion," derived from the Greek word "eparchos," meaning governor.While not historically verified, it is believed that the citizens of Pyrgos demolished the tower as an act of separation from the central administration. The stones from the tower were then used to construct the church of St. Spyridonas.
Monument of the resistance
The monument before us stands as a tribute to the Greek Resistance, a remarkable and courageous collective effort by the Greek people against the occupying forces during the Second World War. In our region, as well as throughout Greece, various resistance groups engaged in acts of sabotage and resistance. The activities of these groups were particularly prominent in the mountainous areas, where the challenging terrain provided advantageous conditions for guerrilla warfare.The sculptural complex includes a figure of a priest, specifically Bishop Antonios of Ilis, who played an active role in the resistance movement and became an emblematic figure of the period. Initially, he dedicated himself to protecting the local population from the conquerors. Then, on March 24, 1944, he ventured into the mountains and joined forces with the ELAS guerrilla groups, who recognized him as the leader of the Peloponnese.
Old school/ tavern
The building to our right is widely regarded as the oldest in Pyrgos, having been constructed in the 1840s. It holds historical significance as it served as the first high school of the city during its early years. However, as time passed, the building underwent various transitions and changes in use. The older generation fondly remembers it as a tavern, while younger residents recall it as a residential house. Unfortunately, the building has experienced alterations that have impacted its original symmetry, as a section on the left side has been demolished. (photo fanariandritsaina.blogspot.gr)
Palaia agora area / Last craftsman
For more than 70 years, the Palaia Agora, or Old Market in Greek, served as the bustling hub of commercial activity in Pyrgos. Initially, it was a wooden structure, but in 1890, during a period of significant changes in Pyrgos, Mayor Petros Avgerinos spearheaded the construction of a stone building to house the market. Designed by Ernst Ziller or one of his pupils, the market exhibits classical and Renaissance architectural elements.Within the market, one could find a variety of shops, including fish shops, butchers, and traditional coffee houses, among others. The surrounding area, known as Stavropazaro, meaning "the store crossroads," was a vibrant merchant district. Though the market's heyday has passed, remnants of its distinct character remain. Few craftsmen still operate workshops in the neighboring streets, where one can witness the craftsmanship of the last tinsmiths creating everyday items and cobblers skillfully restoring worn-out shoes.
House of Mikis Theodorakis
The esteemed composer Mikis Theodorakis resided in this house for a period during his teenage years. He fondly reminisced "I would like to be in Pyrgos Ilias, where I went to high school and every night, after dinner, I presented the songs I had written to my parents. And if it was a waltz, mom and dad would dance to it.".Pyrgos Ilias, during Theodorakis' stay, exuded a romantic atmosphere, which left a lasting impact on him and his artistic work. In various interviews, he has shared his cherished memories of carefree outings with Kolosourtis, a distinct steam engine, and how these experiences served as inspiration for the rhythmic composition of his famous song, "Margarita, Margaro."
Saturday Market area I
At this spot, every second Saturday, alternating with the square near the library, the farmers' market takes place.On Saturday mornings in Pyrgos, the atmosphere comes alive with the vibrant energy of the farmer's market. People of all ages and backgrounds can be seen, pulling trolleys and making their way to this lively gathering. The market is a haven for those seeking seasonal, fresh products straight from the local producers' cultivations. Fruits and vegetables abound, along with delightful finds such as fruit preserves, dried fruits, nuts, beans, honey, eggs, wine, and molasses. In the summer, the showstopper becomes the big, juicy watermelons, sometimes even available for tasting before purchase.The merchants enthusiastically advertise their wares with deep and shrill voices, enticing customers to explore the bounty before them. Haggling over prices and discussing the quality during the weighing process are all part of the market's delightful charm. Laughter, greetings, small verses to passersby and signs such as ‘Do not touch my tomatoes, they are extra sensitive’ create a lively and colorful mosaic of people, goods, and enticing aromas.Beyond just shopping and finding good deals, the farmer's market, known as "Laiki agora" in Greek, is a social affair. It's a place to meet friends and acquaintances, inquire about their well-being, and express concern if someone is absent. Here, one can catch up on the latest gossip and engage in friendly debates about various topics, from local matters like the mayor, government, and road potholes, to discussions about the beloved local football team. As time slips away, you realize you are late and you renew your meeting for next week.
Entrance of the archaeological museum
The Archaeological Museum of Pyrgos is located within the neoclassical building of the Palaia Agora (Old Market). This museum showcases a captivating collection of artifacts spanning from Prehistory to the 19th century. Through its exhibits, the museum offers visitors a comprehensive understanding of the region's history, illuminating lesser-known aspects, including everyday life in bygone eras.
St Athanasios
Situated in the old commercial center of Pyrgos, atop one of the city's hills, the church of Saint Athanasios once dominated the city's skyline. During a period of construction boom, the church was erected based on plans by the architect Ernst Ziller. It occupied the site where a wooden church or possibly a monastery once stood. Among the notable portable icons housed in the church, the icon of Panagia Odegitria stands out. It dates back to the first half of the 19th century.According to local stories, monks from the renowned monastic community of Mount Athos in northern Greece arrived in Katakolo by boat, seeking a buyer for the icon. Despite their discussions being inconclusive, the monks were preparing to depart for Zante. However, a sudden storm prevented their ship from sailing. Seizing the opportunity, the priest of Saint Athanasios stepped in and purchased the icon at a satisfactory price.
Ermou Str
We are currently on Ermou Street, which pays tribute to the Ancient God Hermes, also known by his Latin name Mercury, the patron of profit. Like many Greek cities, this bustling commercial street was named in honor of the god associated with trade and prosperity.
Milton Iatridis
Milton Iatridis served as the commander of the submarine Papanikolis during the Second World War. In December 1940, he led significant strikes on the Axis forces' supply lines, showcasing exceptional tactical skills and bravery. Enduring harsh conditions, including sleep deprivation, water scarcity, and the challenges of underwater life, Iatridis and his crew demonstrated unwavering unity and patriotism.To avoid underwater bombs set to detonate at greater depths, Iatridis strategically kept the submarine at an intermediate depth, allowing them to deliver crucial blows to the Axis forces. After the Greek front fell, Iatridis and the Papanikolis submarine, along with its crew, sailed to Egypt to join the allied forces in their fight against the Axis powers.Milton Iatridis's remarkable actions served as the inspiration for the 1971 film titled "The Papanikolis Submarine,".
Germanou Str.
Germanou Street derives its name from the renowned bishop of Patras, Germanos, who played a significant role in the Greek revolution of 1821. As a key figure in the revolution, he was actively involved with the secret organization "Filiki Eteria," which coordinated the uprising against the Ottoman rule. Bishop Germanos was instrumental in recruiting members, raising funds for the cause, and crucially, he declared the revolution in the region of Patras.
Public Library
We are currently in the Public Central Library of Pyrgos, established in 1926. The library owes its existence to Konstantinos Christopoulos, its founder and first president, who generously donated the plot on which the library stands today. It boasts an extensive collection of books, including the personal book collections of two prominent Pyrgos figures: the politician and writer Stefanos Stephanopoulos and the poet and writer Takis Doxas, who also served as a library director. Takis Doxas holds a special connection to the Olympic Games, as his poem "The Light of Olympia" is recited every time the Olympic flame is lit.During the summer season, the library is open on weekdays from 8 in the morning to 3 in the afternoon.
Saturday Market II
At this spot, every second Saturday, alternating with the square near the library, the farmers' market takes place.On Saturday mornings in Pyrgos, the atmosphere comes alive with the vibrant energy of the farmer's market. People of all ages and backgrounds can be seen, pulling trolleys and making their way to this lively gathering. The market is a haven for those seeking seasonal, fresh products straight from the local producers' cultivations. Fruits and vegetables abound, along with delightful finds such as fruit preserves, dried fruits, nuts, beans, honey, eggs, wine, and molasses. In the summer, the showstopper becomes the big, juicy watermelons, sometimes even available for tasting before purchase.The merchants enthusiastically advertise their wares with deep and shrill voices, enticing customers to explore the bounty before them. Haggling over prices and discussing the quality during the weighing process are all part of the market's delightful charm. Laughter, greetings, small verses to passersby and signs such as ‘Do not touch my tomatoes, they are extra sensitive’ create a lively and colorful mosaic of people, goods, and enticing aromas.Beyond just shopping and finding good deals, the farmer's market, known as "Laiki agora" in Greek, is a social affair. It's a place to meet friends and acquaintances, inquire about their well-being, and express concern if someone is absent. Here, one can catch up on the latest gossip and engage in friendly debates about various topics, from local matters like the mayor, government, and road potholes, to discussions about the beloved local football team. As time slips away, you realize you are late and you renew your meeting for next week.
House of Tasis Kazazis
This house holds more than just aesthetic value; it occupies a special place in the hearts of the city's residents. It was once the home of Mayor Tassis Kazazis, who made a significant impact during the Axis occupation of World War II. Having studied medicine in Germany, he was fluent in German and acted as an interpreter, earning respect from senior military officers, including the military commander, Ossan. Together with Bishop Antonios and Governor Kourassis, they intervened countless times to rescue civilians and resistance fighters.On March 19, 1944, in response to sabotage at a resin factory, the garrison commander demanded three names of citizens for retaliation. Governor Kourassis swiftly submitted three names, Nikolaos Kourassis, Bishop Antonios, Tassis Kazazis. This response led to turmoil and confusion, and ultimately, the order was revoked. About a month later, on April 28, Kazazis was called once again, this time to provide names in retaliation for the death of an officer. In his book, he recounts his meeting with Commander Ossan:"I began to be visibly moved, with an intensity that was unprecedented, an explosion of deep despair. In a voice broken by anguish, I added, 'If fate reserves for us to know Colonel Ossan as a soldier, then to fulfill his duty completely, he must strike his enemy on the head. And the head here in the city is the mayor. It’s me and my family. First, me, and then the others. So, unreservedly, I stand at the head of my fellow citizens, ready to share their fate. It is also my life's virtue to impose the same punishment on myself and my family. I am a soldier too, a guardian of the city and my fellow citizens, and indeed, I am the first.'"Suddenly, his stare became blank. He avoided looking at me, appearing agitated. Nervous muscle contractions furrowed his face, as if he was engaged in a fierce internal struggle, a titanic battle within himself: The soldier versus the human. Yes! I saw him get emotional!"Once again, Tassis Kazazis had saved the city of Pyrgos! Before the departure of the Occupation troops, the two men met, and the colonel acknowledged Kazazis' exceptional work."Maybe we won't see each other anymore. Before I leave, I thank you very much because, with your attitude, you prevented me from causing harm to your country."
Apollon Theater
The building before us is Apollon Theater, an architectural gem of Pyrgos, dating back to 1878. It was generously endowed by the estate owner, Sokrates Syllaidopoulos. This splendid structure exemplifies neoclassical architecture, possibly designed by Ernst Ziller. In its heyday, the theater served as the hub of social and cultural life for a growing bourgeoisie, hosting lively dances and captivating theatrical plays.Unfortunately, gradually it fell into disuse and during the Axis occupation of Greece was even used as a stable. However, in the late 20th century, thanks to the philanthropic efforts of Ioannis Latsis, the theater underwent restoration and regained its former glory.In recent years, Apollon Theater has become the epicenter of the city's cultural life, serving as the main venue for the International Film Festival of Olympia for Children and Young People. It hosts a plethora of captivating events, including plays, concerts, and various artistic performances, adding vibrancy and cultural richness to the city of Pyrgos.
Statue of Kolokotronis
The statue of Theodoros Kolokotronis, the most important figure in the Greek revolution and also known as the old man of Moria, stands proudly in a prominent location in the city. Hailing from a renowned family of klephts, warlike mountain-folks of the ottoman rule era, Kolokotronis showcased his prowess in guerrilla warfare from a young age. In 1806, he sought refuge in Zakynthos, where he joined the English army and rose to the rank of major. However, in 1821, he returned to the Peloponnese to take part in the declaration of the Greek revolution.Throughout his military career, Kolokotronis achieved significant triumphs, notably the capture of Tripolitsa, the administrative center of the Peloponnese, and the Battle of Dervenakia, where his strategic brilliance saved the revolution in the Peloponnese region. In his memoirs, he mentions that the food for his army came from the fertile area of Ilis and his allies the Sisini family. It is said that during his visits to Pyrgos, he prayed in the small chapel of Saint Charalambos, and some even believe he played a role in its foundation.During the civil war, Kolokotronis tried to mediate conflicts but found himself at odds with politicians, leading to his arrest and imprisonment. However, when the revolution faced new threats, he was released from prison and engaged in a guerrilla war against Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt.After Greece's establishment as a state, Kolokotronis clashed with the regents of the young King Otto, resulting in a death sentence, which was later commuted to twenty years in prison. He was eventually released when Otto assumed power and was appointed as a general in the Greek army.Kolokotronis passed away in 1843 and was given a solemn burial in Athens.
