301 Acadia Avenue, Former Brame’s Grocery and Crown Drugs, c. 1916, remodeled in the 1960s (non-contributing)
This corner has always been a commercial area in the neighborhood. Originally, a frame store owned by C. D. Couch housed Southside Grocery on the first floor with a private school run by Mrs. Poindexter above it. Maurice M. Brame bought the building in December 1916 and opened Brame's Grocery. At some point, he demolished the frame building and built the current structure with four sections, three of which face Hollyrood Street and a small fourth portion facing Acadia which housed Smith's, later Cooper's, Barber Shop. At the corner was a drugstore (at one point Swainey Drugs), west was Mr. Brame's grocery store, and to the north was a storage area.In 1935 the building was bought by brothers Wade and Arthur Stonestreet. They had begun Sampson Medicine Company, a wholesaler of patent medicine and neighborhood pharmacy with novelty items, on Waughtown Street in 1920, then moved to this location in 1935. (The Stonestreets also built an office addition to the north at 2002 Hollyrood Street.) In 1946, pharmacist John Causey opened Causey's Pharmacy in the southern section, which had been a drugstore since at least 1932 and where Causey had worked. In 1947, he hired Conrad Stonestreet (Wade's son) to work in the soda shop, soon sold him a 10% interest in the pharmacy, and eventually the entire ownership.In 1950 Conrad changed the name to Acadia Pharmacy and by 1955 had expanded to include the middle section of the building. Wade Stonestreet died in 1955 and the family sold his interest in Sampson Medicine Company (in the northern section) to a cousin, Ashley Stonestreet. By 1960, Conrad Stonestreet had expanded Acadia Pharmacy to all sections of the building, and by 1964, he had acquired four stores. Conrad then renamed the company Crown Drugs with this store becoming Crown-Acadia. There were eventually 19 Crown Drugstores, which were bought by the Eckerd Corporation in 1994.
229 Acadia Avenue, Former Sampson Medicine Company Building, c.1963 (non-contributing)
A brick-veneer flat-roofed commercial building with large plate-glass display windows. When Conrad Stonestreet was preparing to expand his drugstore at 301 Acadia Avenue, he and cousin Ashley Stonestreet agreed that the latter would move to another location. Ashley then built this building, running Sampson Medicine Company from here until his death in 1969. Conrad Stonestreet bought the property for his mother-in-law (Mrs. E.T. Phelps), leasing it to Superior Typesetters for ten years and then to other businesses.
239 Acadia Avenue, Roy Holland Esso Station, c. 1952 (Non-contributing)
A filling station with a glass-walled office and two automotive bays, set back to allow space for cars in the paved lot. Conrad Stonestreet bought this lot at auction and demolished the house, planning to build a drugstore here. Instead, Esso leased the lot and lent him the money to build the station. The station's first contractors were J. C. and R. E. Caudle, followed by Roy Holland. It now houses TCM garage.
232 Acadia Avenue, Former Swaim’s Fair Price Food Store, c. 1939
A flat-roof brick-veneer Art Deco commercial building with large display windows in the facade, a 9-section transom above them, and soldier course lintel. On the north and west elevations, which face Acadia Avenue and Hollyrood Street, is a cast stone cornice ornamentation with scallops above fluting. Brick projects at the sides to form "pilasters," which continue above the parapet on the less visible east elevation. Centered in the upper facade is a concrete square engraved with “Swaim 1939.” The building was occupied in 1940 by the Fair Price Food Store which was originally across Hollyrood Street at 300 Acadia. The business was run by Miles Walter Swaim, who lived at 2310 Violet Street where his wife ran a florist business in the basement. When Swaim bought the property, it included a c. 1909 house and a former meat market in a block building behind the house. Swaim demolished the block building and moved the house to its current site, turning the house to face Hollyrood as #2113. (Directly behind 232 Acadia Avenue.) Today Swaim's 1939 building houses Swaim’s Grocery Bar.Art Deco style (1920 - early 1930s) – an architectural style that took its name, short for Arts Décoratifs, from the Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925. It is usually characterized by angular, zigzag, or other geometric ornamentation on building facades. It also emphasized new materials and technologies, especially reinforced concrete.
2013 Hollyrood Street, Charles E. Meyers House, 1911
A small side-gabled one-room deep frame house with rear gable ell and hipped-roof front porch supported by turned posts with spandrels and picket balustrade. It features a central door, two-over-two windows, two central interior corbelled brick chimneys, and shingled gables. Myers (wife Flora) was a drayman (driver) who moved here from Salem in 1912. Gable-Ell style – The gable-ell was a generic house form found in abundance between the 1890s and the late 1910s, at which point it was replaced in popularity by the bungalow. The form was so simple that any carpenter could build one without having to obtain architectural plans. A gable-ell has two intersecting roof gables, which gives it an “L” shape.
236 West Banner Avenue, City Park Church (former Schlatter Memorial Reformed Church), 1916
A brick gable-roofed Gothic Revival style church with a three-stage crenelated entrance tower on the diagonal at the corner and parapet gables with crenelation on the gable sides. The tower features a belfry with tall louvered vents and spaced lancet stained-glass windows. Granite steps lead to the tower’s double-leaf door, once embellished with oversized wrought-iron strap hinges, now replicas. The facade features granite detailing at the parapet, and granite window sills, lintels, and keystones. There is one large and two smaller Gothic arch stained-glass windows on the north and west elevations, and a rose window in the large front gable end facing Banner Avenue. Buttresses capped with granite flank the central bay of each elevation. The roof is slate.The congregation is currently removing Plexiglass installed over the windows in the 1970s, then repairing and painting each window frame. The church was organized in 1914 and this lot purchased for $1,700. The Sunday school was organized in January, 1915 on the second floor of C. D. Couch's two-story frame grocery store at the corner of Acadia Avenue and Hollyrood Street, one block south (demolished). A nine member congregation was formalized later that year, then construction began in the fall with this structure completed in 1920. (The cornerstone date, however, is 1916). The sanctuary ceiling was lowered and the original eastern choir loft expanded c. 1938, and in 1941, interior partitions and a second-story floor were added to the Sunday school portion of the building. The name Schlatter was removed in 1926 to differentiate this church from a nearby, similarly named church. It was eventually changed again to Evangelical Reformed, then back to Memorial Reformed Church and, just recently, to City Park Church. (Local tradition asserts that the building was designed by architect Hall Crews who lived at 418 Acadia Street. Crews, however, joined a New York firm before returning to Winston-Salem and was not registered in North Carolina until 1923.)Gothic Revival (1830 -1880, later in rural areas) – A style of architecture in America aimed at reviving the spirit and forms of Gothic architecture, which was the prevalent style during the High Middle Ages in Western Europe, emerging from the Romanesque and Byzantine forms in France. It features a steeply pitched roof with steep cross-gables; is often decorated with vergeboard (Bargeboard); includes wall surfaces and windows that extend into the gable (often with a pointed-arch/gothic shape); and may feature large-scale projecting bay windows (or oriel style windows). It often includes lancet windows, with drip-molds common above the windows. Lancet Window - A lancet window is a tall, narrow window with a pointed arch at its top. It acquired the "lancet" name from its resemblance to a lance. The lancet window first appeared in the early French Gothic period (c. 1140–1200), but remained popular in the English period of Gothic architecture (1200–1275). So common was the lancet window feature that this era is sometimes known as the "Lancet Period.”A pointed arch, ogival arch, or Gothic arch is an arch with a pointed crown, whose two curving sides meet at a relatively sharp angle at the top of the arch.
1922 Hollyrood Street, Henry Ralph and Lucy Reavis Meinung House, c. 1906
A frame weatherboarded Queen Anne style house that features a hipped roof with a gable-roofed front wing at the north end. It is three bays wide and one room deep with a two-story rear gable ell and three interior chimneys. The front projection is a two-story cutaway bay with sawn brackets and pendules supporting a wood-shingled gable. The hipped-roof porch is supported by turned posts and sawn brackets spanned by a turned picket balustrade and a spindle frieze. The double-leaf entrance is topped by a transom. Constructed by Fogle Brothers Company.Meinung was the general superintendent of Forsyth Chair Company until 1922, which in 1923 was consolidated into Forsyth Furniture Lines, Inc. (Both companies were just across South Main Street in what is today the Sunnyside/Central Terrace historic district.) Queen Anne style (1880 -1910) – Includes a steeply pitched roof of irregular shape, usually with a dominant front-facing gable; patterned shingles; cutaway bay windows and other devices used to avoid a smooth-walled appearance (variety of claddings); and an asymmetrical facade with partial or full-width porch, usually one-story and wrapping around one side. Possible towers and/or turrets. Spindlework – Wood details with circular cross sections, usually turned on a lathe. It could be ordered from mail order catalogues or bought at lumber yards and general stores. Often seen in Queen Anne and Victorian style structures. So-named because the decorative trim may resemble wooden thread spindles.
514 West Banner Avenue, Christian Henry and Emma Reich Fogle House, 1896-99
This large frame Queen Anne style house sits on a prominent tree-shaded hilltop facing Freeman Street. It features classical details, decorative use of shingles between levels, and is an interesting example of an early version of German-type siding. There’s a hipped dormer in the front, a hipped roof over the front projecting bay, and numerous one- and two-story hipped projections to the rear. The hipped roof is a pre-World War II replacement of the original, more complex Queen Anne roof with turrets, etc. There’s a large semi-octagonal bay at the northern end of the front facade while a one-story porch supported by slender Tuscan columns with a turned balustrade wraps the south end. Projecting from the northern side is a porte cochere supported by matching Tuscan columns. The back porch is supported by turned posts with sawn brackets. The house also includes five tall, corbelled brick chimneys with blind inset panels. The house was built roughly 1896-1898 by Christian Henry Fogle and his wife Emma, although Christian died just before completion in 1898. A bathroom was added in 1937, the same year a building permit was received to "remove wood shingles" at a cost of $50. Behind the house are four outbuildings, including the only barn remaining in the Washington Park neighborhood, along with an early stone retaining wall on the Banner Avenue side.Naturally, the structure was built by Fogle Brothers Lumber Company, of which Christian Fogle was a co-founder with his brother, Charles Alexander Fogle. (Founded in 1871 and 1872 respectively, Fogle Brothers Lumber Company and Miller Brothers Lumber Company benefited from the post-Reconstruction building boom.) Company ledgers reference Mrs. Emma A. Fogle's "farm" in 1898, which included acres of fields and pastures where cattle grazed. Emma lived in the house until 1932. It then went to her son, Frederick Augustus Fogle (owner of Forsyth Furniture Company), who remained in the house until his death in 1940. After his death, the property was divided into lots and sold in a 1951 auction, which led to the subsequent development in 1952 and 1953 of many smaller houses along surrounding streets. Acadia Baptist Church trustees bought the remaining buildings in 1957, utilizing them as a parsonage and missionary residence until 1989. The house then reverted to private ownership. Fogle Farm Barn - The barn has a jerkinhead roof and shorter jerkinhead garage; scalloped-shingle gables with a 4/4 sash window, and a metal shingle roof. It is the only original barn remaining in the historic district. Jerkinhead Roof – A combination of a gable and hipped roof form. German Siding – A type of horizontal wall cladding in which each board has a concave upper edge that fits into the corresponding groove in the lower edge of the board above. It presents a flat surface. (Also called Dutch lap.) Tuscan Columns – Similar to the Greek Doric order (within the five Classical Orders), the Roman Tuscan order is the simplest of the five orders. The columns are always unfluted with no ornamentation, a simple round shaft topped by a round capital.
418 Arcadia Avenue, Charles A. Crews House, c.1900
A large frame Queen Anne style house with a projecting semi-octagonal bay and modified turret roof that includes interior chimneys with corbelling and caps. The home now features replacement metal shingle roofs and includes a one-story hipped-roof wrap porch supported by faux classical columns. (This home was saved by Preservation Forsyth, then sold with an attached preservation easement. The young owners have done an amazing job of restoration and/or rehabilitation.) City directories show Charles Crews, a tile manufacturer and farmer, and his wife Emma L. on this site by 1921, possibly as early as 1915. Crews was in the concrete pipe business (concrete pipe for storm sewers), and had a pipe plant on his land which extended to Freeman Street near W. Sprague. Behind his house was a large barn constructed of cement bricks that housed draft horses used to deliver the pipes when the city was laying and paving streets, but the barn burned in the 1940s or 1950s. In 1929, he went bankrupt.The Crews' son, Hall Crews, lived here from 1920 to at least 1923 while he was a draftsman for the noted local architect Willard C. Northup. Hall graduated from Salem Boys School, studied architecture at Columbia University, then apprenticed with a New York firm. Upon returning to Winston-Salem, he was first hired by Northup, then in 1923, became the first architect to pass NC’s newly instituted licensing exam. He later practiced from this house, quickly becoming a respected local architect. HIs commissions included: Salem College’s Clewell Dormitory, 1923 Baptist Hospital, 1926 Augsburg Lutheran Church, 1928 Brown-Rogers-Dixon Company Building, the award winning 1929 Ardmore Elementary School, and the 1947 Streamline Moderne Modern Chevrolet dealership (demolished). He is said to have designed the 1920 Schlatter Memorial Church, a Gothic Revival style brick building at 236 Banner Avenue, however, this would have been before he became a registered architect.
605 Cascade Avenue, John L. and Emma J. Gilmer House, 1929 (LHL 2017, https://www.cityofws.org/DocumentCenter/View/3923/137---John-L-and-Emma-J-Gilmer-House-PDF?bidId=)
A large side-gable brick-veneered Colonial Revival house that sits atop a hill overlooking Park Boulevard and Washington Park with a view of Winston-Salem's downtown. The symmetrical five bay structure includes two one-story side wings; one a sunroom, the other a screened porch with a two-car garage beneath it. The central entrance is in a slightly projecting central bay with an oval window on each side of the door and three windows above, and includes a broken pedimented surround with no porch. Windows have jack arches with cast stone keystones, and a modillion cornice sits beneath the green Ludowici-Celadon tile roof. There is a rear two-story gable projection and one-story gable ell. Changes have included the introduction of a row of glazed French doors leading out the back to a new swimming pool, and the addition of a large frame gable dormer in the rear reflecting interior changes to the attic. The property today retains 3.32 acres that includes a stone retaining wall running along Cascade Avenue. After their 1903 Queen Anne style home was destroyed by fire in 1928, Gilmer and his wife Emma commissioned this house from Northup and O'Brien Architects. It was completed by Fogle Brothers in 1929 with landscaping believed to have been designed by a New York landscape architect. Gilmer was vice-president of Inverness Mills and of Bon Air Realty Company, and had been an owner of Gilmer Brothers Company, a wholesale notions firm. In 1926 Gilmer formed the Camel City Coach Company by buying up a number of small bus companies operating in Winston-Salem, a company eventually absorbed by Atlantic Greyhound. His large acreage, including a substantial flower garden on the SW corner of Leonard Street and Cascade Avenue, was subdivided and developed in the 1940s.Colonial Revival style – architecture that reuses aspects of earlier colonial prototypes; found from about 1870 through today.Willard C. Northup, who with Leet O'Brien formed the noted local firm of Northup & O'Brien, has been identified as the architect of five houses in Washington Park: the 1914 Horace Vance House at 100 Banner; the 1916 Charles Siewers House at 20 Cascade; the 1918 A. H. Eller House at 129 Cascade, built to replace the Victorian house moved to 14 Park Boulevard (attributed to the firm); the 1929 John L. Gilmer House at 605 Cascade, built to replace an earlier house destroyed by fire; and the 1914 Henry E. and Rosa Mickey Fries House at 104 Cascade Avenue. (Cicero Lowe's 1911 Neoclassical Revival house at 204 Cascade has been attributed to Northup as well.) Northup was born in Michigan, moved to Asheville as a child, then completed his architectural degree at the University of Pennsylvania. Around 1906 he moved to Winston-Salem, later partnered with Leet O'Brien, and was active in the state's professional organizations. He was president of the North Carolina State Board of Architectural Examiners as well as a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects (AIA). He designed both commercial and residential buildings in Winston-Salem and throughout the state, and is most well known for his many Georgian Revival houses designed in the 1920s and 1930s. (https://ncarchitects.lib.ncsu.edu/people/P000213)
Washington Park
In 1892, the Winston-Salem Land & Investment Company dedicated a 17 acre tract originally mapped as “Sunny Side Park” for use as a public recreational area. The original v-shaped area flanked a creek that ran through the development’s curvilinear western section. In 1928, the Old North State chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution funded a stone bench and stone and metal arch at the park entrance opposite Gloria Avenue’s west end that announced “Washington Park.” A second entrance arch followed as part of a NC Emergency Relief and Works Progress Administration initiative that also involved the creation of trails, stone benches, bridges, steps, and three Rustic Revival style pavilions in the 1930s. In 1955, the City of Winston-Salem purchased approximately 47 acres from the Moravian Church’s Southern Province and then in 1989, another 11 acres from Pace Oil Company and Lester Burnette. At one point, the park included a man-made lake, but today offers basketball courts and baseball diamonds, playgrounds (including the wonderful Dinosaur Playground), the Salem Creek Greenway, and picnic facilities..
335 Cascade Avenue, Lolien Saunders House, 1921
A weatherboarded gambrel-roofed frame house with a large shed dormer in the front. The front first story features four grouped nine-over-nine windows and a small engaged shed hood over the recessed entrance porch. There is a one-story sunroom wing on the west elevation.The original rear shed dormer has been raised a story to expand the attic living space. Mrs. Saunders appears to have been the widow of Mr. Hazel M. Saunders. They had previously lived on Spruce Street, but she moved here around 1921. By 1937, this was the home of Chas A. Swainey (Mary) who owned Swainey's Drug Store in the corner section of 301 Acadia Avenue (later Crown Drugs, see first entry). Dutch Colonial Revival style (1880 -1955) – Around 10% of Colonial Revival style houses have a gambrel roof. Most are one-story with gambrels containing almost a second full story of floor space, and generally have either separate dormer windows or a continuous shed dormer with several windows. A full-width porch may be included under the main roof line or added with a separate roof. Today’s style is only loosely based on original Dutch Colonial prototypes.
315 Cascade Avenue, Baynes-Walker House, 1915
A side-gabled Craftsman bungalow with a central shed dormer; a front-width porch supported by square posts on brick piers with cast stone caps; and a picket balustrade with heavy newel and railing. The structure has an unadorned central entrance, and a large front one-over-one window with a smaller transom-like upper sash glazed in a small lattice pattern (similar to #309). The design also includes decorative false knee braces/brackets within all gables, two interior brick chimneys, and vinyl siding. Construction of the house is attributed to Fogle Brothers Company.William T. Baynes married Vera T. in 1916 and moved to this new house from 1170 Liberty Street where he had boarded. His oldest brother Obie Baynes and wife Mildred lived nearby on Cascade Avenue for a few years as well. W.T. and Vera left the neighborhood in 1919, but returned to 107 Gloria Avenue in 1927. Robert, a clerk at RJR Tobacco Co., and Naomi Walker moved here in 1920. (Interestingly, they also later moved to Gloria Ave.) In 1923, Eldorado, a mechanic with Southbound Railroad, and Sarah Edwards purchased the home.315 Cascade garage, 1941 – A hip-roofed brick-veneered garage and storage building with a 1943 brick shed attachment (contributing structure) Bungalow – A small one-story or 1 ½ story house, usually having a low profile and of wood-frame construction . Relatively low in cost and often built to plans taken from a pattern book or even purchased as a kit house. Craftsman style – Characteristics include: low-pitched gabled roof (sometimes hipped) with wide, unenclosed eave overhang; roof rafters often exposed; decorative (false) beams or braces added under gables; porch roof supported by square columns on piers or full height (ground to porch roof) columns of different materials; columns often battered (tapered); cottage windows; dormers common (gabled or shed), also with exposed rafters or braces. The dominant small house style from about 1905 through the 1920s. The Greene brothers in southern California popularized this style (1893-1914) of which the Gamble House is considered a prime example. Patterns and kits were widely available.
309 Cascade Avenue, Whaling - Lackmann House, c. 1915
A side-gabled frame Craftsman house that includes a full-facade shed-roof porch supported by square posts on brick piers with cast stone caps, and a small projecting bay at the central entrance.There are also false knee braces and pent eaves at both gable ends; a two-story polygonal bay on the west elevation; a one-story hipped-roof rectangular bay projection on the east side; and two interior brick chimneys with metal caps. The projecting entrance places the door between angled twelve-light sidelights, echoed above by the three-sided bay containing windows with lattice-muntined sashes. RJR Tobacco Company leaf buyer Charles Alexander Whaling and his brother, Southbound Railway freight agent George William Whaling Jr., acquired this parcel in 1915 and commissioned the construction of an eclectic foursquare for their parents, George and Kate Ballou Whaling. After George Sr.’s death in 1921, Kate occupied the house for about a year, followed by Charles and his wife Ruth who resided here until 1936. Western Electric supervisor Henry Lackmann and his wife Roselia Fitz bought the house in 1947, and the Lackmann family retained the property until 1991.
305 Cascade Avenue, Gip I. Kimball House, 1920
A hipped-roof frame foursquare house with a full-facade hipped porch supported by square posts on shingled piers with a shingled balustrade, The facade features three asymmetrical bays on the first floor with two bays of paired windows on the second. Most windows are vertical three-over-one. First floor cladding is weatherboard, the second shingles, a popular design choice in this neighborhood. There’s also a one-story rear hipped ell and a center corbelled brick chimney.Kimball and wife Lucille moved here from 410 S. Liberty Street. He had been a cashier with N&W Railway, but by 1921 was a bookkeeper with Forsyth Chair Co. (Tax mapping records show G. I. Kimel purchased this lot in January 1917 next door to Charles S. Kimel.)Foursquare – A floor plan for a house consisting of four rooms that form a square or rectangle. An American Foursquare can be one-or two-story, usually with a steeply pitched hipped or pyramidal roof.Shingle style (1880-1910) – an unusually free-form and variable style (usually asymmetrical), the common denominator is the shingle cladding. An overall lack of ornamentation and the uniform cladding emphasize the horizontal aspects of the structure.
