838 Moravia Street, First Waughtown Baptist Church, organized 1900
Although listed as being “officially” organized in 1900, black Baptist and Methodist congregations began worshiping in the Waughtown area as early as the 1820s. Shortly after the Civil War, newly emancipated John and Mary Linebach Fries settled in Waughtown and began holding Baptist prayer meetings in their one room cabin. This was soon followed by Methodist meetings held by their neighbors, Harris and Pauline Fries. (Both houses were near the current Food Lion at 1000 Waughtown Street.) In the 1870s, the Reverend George W. Holland of Danville, Virginia settled in Waughtown near John and Mary, assuming leadership of the informal Baptist congregation. (Rev. Holland would help found numerous black Baptist churches in Forsyth County, many still active today.)As attendance outgrew the Fries’ cabin, services were held throughout the Waughtown and Happy Hill neighborhoods, and later in Winston. The black First Baptist Church was organized in 1879, but met three miles from Waughtown (today located at 700 Highland Avenue). As a result, the unorganized Waughtown Baptists began worshiping under a brush arbor in the 1890s on Waughtown Street, this time on Washington Fries’ property. (Back again near 1000 Waughtown Street.) Finally, in 1900, Rev. Holland sent one of his deacons, Shaw University graduate Reverend Pinkney Joyce, to officially organize the Waughtown Baptists into a distinct church. (Rev. Joyce had already helped organize West End Baptist Church on today’s Burke Street, and would also serve at Rising Ebenezer Baptist Church in Happy Hill and Oak Grove Baptist Church in Walkertown.)Almost immediately, the congregation purchased a lot on Waughtown Street and built a modest wooden church. Wasting no time, Rev. Joyce began a capital fundraising campaign in 1903 for a “bigger and better Waughtown Baptist Church.” A different lot on Waughtown Street was bought in 1907 but by 1912, the congregation had decided to build instead on a parcel of land owned by the Colored Baptist Orphanage Home in the Belview community. The Waughtown Street property was sold in 1913, and the lot purchased from the Colored Orphanage. Local craftsmen erected a finely detailed front-gabled sanctuary that featured a pyramidal-roofed bell tower rising in a side elevation at 828 Moravia Street. Two doors flanked the front central bay and oculus windows. (see map photo) This second building served the congregation fifty years. In 1960, the then current minister, Reverend Ernest Lee Grant, suggested a new chapel and as a carpenter/contractor himself, helped build it. Once the chapel was completed (1963), the congregation demolished the old church across the street. In 1964, work was begun on the present Modernist style sanctuary which took about twelve years to complete. During that construction period, the State of North Carolina acquired a substantial amount of the church’s property for the construction of Corporation Parkway (today Interstate 40) which runs directly behind the church, effectively splitting what had been one neighborhood into separate areas. In 1970, the building committee decided the church would have an “A-line roof,” while retaining a flat roof over the chapel. It is impressive that Rev. Grant not only oversaw its construction, but physically helped build it along with members of the church and men from the community. In 1976, the congregation celebrated both America’s Bicentennial, and the completion of their sanctuary. Between 1983 and 1989, a number of additional projects were completed, including the installation of stained glass windows in the sanctuary.Modernism – an early 20th century architectural style that emphasized form rather than function, modern materials and new uses for older materials, structural innovation, little to no ornamentation, asymmetrical forms, low and broad roof overhangs, large windows/ribbon windows, and minimalism. This umbrella term includes a number of individual styles.Black Educational Institutions in Waughtown/BelviewIn 1867 a group of freedmen from Salem and Waughtown met to discuss the organization of a school for black children. Alexander Vogler, Robert Waugh, and Lewis Hege were elected to pursue the matter. This first school was built nearer to the Happy Hill area, and was in use later that same year. In 1896, George D. Reynolds (a major landowner, contractor, builder, brickmaker, banker and member of the Board of Trustees of the Forsyth Savings and Trust Bank) sold land to the Public School Commission for a colored school. It appears the school was initially operated by the Moravians and is referred to as the Moravian Free School. The school eventually became part of the county school system and as early as 1910 was called the Belleview School. (Both the Old Belleview School and first church building were off Waughtown Street near today’s current Food Lion.)Around 1917, the old Belleview School closed and a new school was built in Belview on Moravia Street. It contained four classrooms and was funded both by the Rosenwald Fund and by members of the community. The school closed just a few years later, its attendance greatly impacted by the closure of the nearby Colored Orphanage. During the 1930s, the structure was used as a detention center for boys, then as a home. There was an effort to reopen the school in the 1940s by the Belview Civic League, an effort that failed when it was determined there were not enough children in the area to support a school. During the 1950s, the Civic League was successful in opening a recreation center in the old school building. Unfortunately, this significant historic structure was eventually demolished.Colored Baptist Orphanage, demolishedIn the late 1800s, the Rev. Joshua Perry realized there was a need for an orphanage for black children. With the help of the black First Baptist Church; Addie C. Morris; Rev. George W. Holland; Rev. Pickney Joyce; Rev. James Timlie; and Eliza Yokeley, the Colored (Baptist) Orphanage Society was organized in 1903. The society purchased fourteen acres of land in Bellview from Colonel and Mrs. Clement Manley, and soon thereafter bought the adjacent seventeen acre farm from Alfred Sides. The Sides farm included a six room house, which served as the first building of the orphanage when it opened in 1905. Rev. Perry and his wife, Martha were the superintendents of what was the only African American orphanage in North Carolina.Eventually, additional buildings were constructed with the boy’s dormitory located on the corner of Burgandy and Moravia Streets and other main buildings along Clemmonsville Road. The orphanage had its own farm and band, which traveled to raise funds. The orphans attended both Bellview School and First Waughtown Baptist Church. The orphanage eventually became the Memorial Industrial Institute (1923) and moved to northern Forsyth County (1929). (https://www.cityofws.org/DocumentCenter/View/4037/10---Colored-Baptist-Orphanage-Home-PDF and https://www.cityofws.org/DocumentCenter/View/4059/32---Memorial-Industrial-School-PDFAddie C. Morris (1855-1907) Addie C. Morris’ short memoir is one of the earliest autobiographical non-Moravian accounts of African American life near Waughtown. She was born a slave on a Forsyth County farm about ten miles from Salem in 1855 to Charles and Jane Morris. Following emancipation, her father agreed to remain on the farm as a sharecropper with the family living in a log cabin with no floor. Barely surviving that first year, they moved into Waughtown near John and Mary Fries (who would help organize Baptist meetings in their home). Addie worked odd jobs till eighteen when a northern woman, who had been educating Salem’s African American residents, offered her a job as her cook in Philadelphia. Having lost her mother and six siblings, Addie then raised her three remaining sisters and brother in Philadelphia.Morris returned to North Carolina in 1886, enrolling in Shaw University’s Missionary Department. She completed two terms, but was forced to leave due to illness although she still eventually served as a missionary in Africa. Hoping to establish a mission school in Winston, she managed to raise almost $1300 from Philadelphia and Winston donors. (For context, The George E. Nissen Wagon Works in Waughtown had an annual income of $1300 in 1876.) The school was built with permission of First Baptist Church (under Rev. George W. Holland) in 1891 on the church’s lot on Sixth Street. Morris herself “drew the plan and superintended the work of the building”, a 50-by-32-foot structure.Addie was also instrumental in the founding of the Colored Baptist Orphanage. As a trustee, she helped initiate the purchase of the Manley acreage and the Sides’ farm. (Incidentally, both property owners were white. Belview has historically been a mixed race neighborhood.) The black First Baptist Church provided support, including materials salvaged from the demolished Sixth Street missionary school building that were recycled as an addition to the orphanage. Addie died in 1907 and was buried in the Belview Cemetery - which was unearthed and moved during the construction of Interstate 40 behind Oak Grove Missionary Baptist Church in Walkertown, NC.Bellevue Cemetery, demolished during construction of Corporation ParkwayThe Bellevue Cemetery was located off Old Lexington Road near 2995 Starlight Drive, in the vicinity of the present day railroad tracks. During construction of Corporation Parkway, today’s Interstate 40, hundreds of graves were disinterred and moved to either the Evergreen Cemetery or the Nat Watkins Cemetery behind Oak Grove Baptist Church in Walkertown.
754 Moravia Street, Shotgun House, c.1918
A one-story front-gable “shotgun” style house with possible original metal roof, exposed rafters, weatherboard cladding and vertical four-over-one windows. The hipped-roof porch is supported by square wood posts.Shotgun Style – small, single-story houses that are only one room wide (typically no more than 12 feet across) and 2–4 rooms deep without any hallway—meaning you have to walk through each to get to the next.➤ The houses to the right of this shotgun style house were both built in 1910 and appear to also retain either an original metal roof or early replacement roof. They feature exposed rafters and purlins, and much original material.
903-939 Moravia Street, Modernist Design, 1960-62
This row of mid-century modernist structures were likely built by the same contractor. Similar designs can be found scattered throughout county neighborhoods, often in a small group like these. This particular grouping includes the ranchette style as well as a ranch design that simply rotates the ranch form so the gable end faces the street.Cladding is mostly brick, sometimes combined with vinyl or wood. The rotated form features a street-facing asymmetrical gable end that also serves as the carport roof. (Some have been converted to living space.) They also include gable end picture windows, upper horizontal windows, and a carport and side entrance - although one or two include a gable end entrance too. Most were constructed in 1960 with a few built in 1961/62. Both styles were quite popular during this time period, replacing the Minimal Traditional style.Ranchette style – simply a smaller version of the Ranch style.
900 Goldfloss Street, House, c. 1925
A one-story frame front-gabled Craftsman bungalow that features a hipped-roof porch supported by paired square posts on a stepped balustrade. The house sits on a rusticated concrete block foundation and is clad in vinyl. 1930 CD: C. D. Carroll (W); 1940 CD: Kenneth Davis (W), occupant; 1950 CD: Clara Carroll (W), owner-occupant, a widow. (CD = City Directory)Bungalow – a small one-story or 1 ½ story house, usually having a low profile and of wood-frame construction . Relatively low in cost and often built to plans taken from a pattern book or even as a kit house.Craftsman style – low-pitched gabled roof (sometimes hipped) with wide, unenclosed eave overhang; roof rafters often exposed; decorative (false) beams or braces added under gables; porch roof supported by square columns on piers or full height (ground to porch roof) columns of different materials; columns often battered (tapered); often has cottage windows; dormers common (gabled or shed), also with exposed rafters or braces. The dominant small house style from about 1905 through the 1920s. The Greene brothers in southern California popularized this style (1893-1914) of which the Gamble House is considered a prime example. Patterns and kits were widely available.
902 Goldfloss Street, House, c. 1925
A one-story side-gabled Craftsman Bungalow. The jerkinhead-roof porch is supported by battered columns on brick piers with what was an unusual eight-over-one front window in 2004, now lost. False beams and knee braces feature in the side gables; cladding is vinyl with possible original shingles in the porch gable. 1930 CD: Harper and Ethel Teague (W), a carpenter; 1940 CD: same, owner-occupant; 1950 CD: same.Jerkinhead Roof – A combination of a gable and hipped roof form.
912 Goldfloss Street, House, c. 1900
The description for this house was written while using Google Maps, which we use to double check house styles when not onsite. The house described below is still on Google Maps (2012), so it was a disappointment to discover in person… that this 1900 house, which had survived for 112 years, was gone. Thanks to technology, it simultaneously lives on in Google Maps while an empty lot in reality.A two-story side-gabled I-House clad in vinyl and Formstone. It sports a flared hipped-roof porch supported by replacement metal posts connected by a replacement metal balustrade. Replacement windows and doors. 1930 CD: (908) S. E. Cook, 1940 CD: Edward and Elizabeth Haden (W), owner-occupant, a machine operator at Hanes Hosiery Mills; 1950 CD: same. I-House – A 1 ½ or 2-story side-gable (two rooms wide and one room deep) traditional British folk form. The two rooms usually have an entrance hall between them containing a central stairway.Formstone – a form of simulated masonry, Formstone is commonly colored and shaped on the building to imitate various forms of masonry compound, creating the trompe-l'œil appearance of stone.
923 Goldfloss Street, House, c. 1915
A one-story tri-gable cottage with a hipped-roof porch supported by turned posts and sawn brackets. The structure is clad in asbestos shingle siding with exposed purlins and a diamond attic vent in the side gables. 1930 CD: (911) J. Frank and Annie Casper (W), a carpenter; 1940 CD: same, owner-occupant; 1950 CD: same.Purlins - A purlin (or historically purline, purloyne, purling, perling) is a longitudinal, horizontal, structural member in a roof.Asbestos siding was used extensively in buildings and homes from the 1930s until the 1970s, when its use was banned. It was used originally because of the fire resistant properties of asbestos. Because asbestos is a mineral and fibrous, adding asbestos to siding materials also increased strength and durability, while providing some insulation and fireproofing to the structure. If asbestos shingles are on your home and are in good condition and left undisturbed, they are usually NOT a serious problem. Get a professional opinion.
1003 Goldfloss Street, House, c. 1915
A one-story side-gable one room deep structure with rear ell. Windows are two-over-two, double hung sash. The hipped-roof wraparound porch features turned and plain posts. Roofing is metal with a shingled front gable and exposed purlins in the side gables. 1930 CD: J. H. Smith (W); 1940 CD: same, owner-occupant, 1950 CD: same.
1042 East Devonshire Street, House, c. 1955
A one-story brick Modernist Ranch that features classic Ranch details of deep, overhanging eaves along with picture and horizontal windows. The 2004 owner stated the house originally had a flat roof and was built for the Sink family who lived at 1050 Devonshire.Ranch style (1935-1975) – a low, asymmetrical, horizontal shape that generally has a low-pitched roof (gabled or hipped) without dormers. Eave overhang is usually moderate to wide. The front entry is most often off-center, recessed, and sheltered by the main roof. The Ranch style normally includes either an attached garage or carport; earlier versions usually feature a picture window, but a wide variety of window shapes may be included. A wide variety of claddings is also common. A Ranch may be enhanced with details from other styles.
2314 Sink Street, House, c. 1935
A one-and-a-half-story side-gabled Cape Cod with asbestos shingle siding. It has a gable-roofed, barrel-vaulted entry porch supported by replacement columns; one-over-one replacement windows; and gable-roofed dormers. 1940 CD: Everett and Effie Johnson (W), owner-occupant, an operator at Duke Power; 1950 CD: same.
1103 East Sprague Street, House, c. 1915
A one-story side-gabled bungalow that includes an engaged porch with paneled square posts; vinyl siding; one-over-one replacement windows; and a gable dormer. 1915 CD: (2245) W. H. and Alice Dalton, a blacksmith; 1935 CD: Charles and Minnie Burchette (W), a machine operator at R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company; 1945 CD: James Teague (W), owner-occupant; 1954 CD: Fred James (W), occupant.Engaged Porch – integrated with the actual structure of the house rather than attached to the house only along the deck and the roof.
1107 East Sprague Street, Sink House, c. 1890
A two-story tri-gable house with Queen Anne influences. It includes four-over-four windows; weatherboard cladding; two interior chimneys; a large gabled porch with battered posts on concrete block piers; and paneled shutters that feature a crescent moon motif. Tom Sink was the postmaster for Waughtown. 1915 CD: (2247) Thomas and Fannie Sink, RFD Carrier No. 5; 1935 CD: Thomas and Fannie Sink (W); 1945 CD: Mrs. Fannie Sink (W), owner-occupant, a widow; 1954 CD: same.Queen Anne style (1880-1910) – Includes a steeply pitched roof of irregular shape, usually with a dominant front-facing gable; patterned shingles; cutaway bay windows and other devices used to avoid a smooth-walled appearance (variety of claddings); and an asymmetrical facade with partial or full-width porch, usually one-story and wrapping around one side. Possible towers and/or turrets.
1111 Sprague Street, Shell Station, 1931, NR 1976, LHL #92
https://www.cityofws.org/DocumentCenter/View/3878/092---Shell-Service-Station-PDF?bidId= In 1930, Bert Bennett, Sr. and his nephew Joe H. Glenn, Jr. purchased Quality Oil Company, established in 1929 as the local distributor for Shell Oil Company. They soon commissioned Frank L. Blum Construction Company to erect eight stations shaped like upright shells. Of the eight, only this Sprague Street station remains, listed in the National Register in 1976 and designated a local historic landmark in 1994.The design of the station was patented on November 25, 1930. It is a shell-shaped wire and concrete structure that is one story high and approximately 18 feet tall. The bright yellow and red building features a central front entrance, with deeply recessed windows on each side (two windows on the west and one window on the east), and a small shop area for parts with an office to the rear. The station served motorists in the Waughtown area of Winston-Salem and Route 150 traffic until the 1950s.The Shell Service Station is significant as a rare, surviving example of the literalism of early 20th century advertising. (Sometimes termed Roadside Architecture.) It also reflects the growing importance of the automobile as a symbol of freedom in America. The building’s form visually repeats the Shell gasoline brand and is a three dimensional representation of the Shell trademark. The building is literally a sign and an advertisement which is read and immediately comprehended. The shell design was unique as compared to what had been previously built by other major oil companies. Additionally, while there was not much profit in operating service stations during the 1930s, the station’s unusual design was highly beneficial in promoting the image of Quality Oil Company as an aggressive, innovative, new company.During the 1990s, the Shell Service Station was restored by Preservation North Carolina, North Carolina’s historic preservation nonprofit advocacy group, and where the organization maintained a regional office until 2011. Today the Shell Service Station is privately owned. 1935 CD: Quality Oil Company Filling Station No. 7; 1945 CD: vacant; 1954 CD: Logan Shell Service Station.
2319 Sink Street, House, c. 1955
A one-and-a-half side-gable structure with cedar shake cladding that features a shed-roof dormer; a steep-pitched front gable; and a picture window with sidelights. A front-gable addition with side entrance and facade chimney is attached. 1956 CD: James Enscore, owner-occupant.
2327 Sink Street, House, c. 1925
A one-and-a-half story side-gable Craftsman Bungalow with vinyl siding. The battered (tapered) posts sit on brick piers that have been overlaid with cobblestone pattern cast concrete block, which also covers the foundation and stair sidewalls. There are knee braces and exposed rafter tails as well as a shed-roof dormer and porch. 1940 CD: Ralph Murphy (W), owner-occupant; 1950 CD: Alonza Workman (W), owner-occupant.
2401 Sink Street, House, c. 1900
In 2004, when the National Register nomination was written, this lot contained an early I-House with Queen Anne details. Sadly, the lot is recently vacant. The house is still visible on Google Maps. (TWO 1900 I-Houses lost just since 2004.)
2422 Sink Street, House, c. 1945
A one-and-a-half story Period Cottage with vinyl siding and painted brick. It features a steeply-pitched front-gable projection that includes a tapered facade chimney and diamond-light casement windows along a side porch. 1940 CD: not listed; 1950 CD: Albert and Nell Johnson (W), owner-occupant, a laboratory assistant at R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.Period Cottage – a modest Tudor-influenced structure that includes elements such as steeply-pitched gables, round-arched doors, facade chimneys, and multi-pane windows. Sometimes essentially a Minimal Traditional with Tudor elements.
2437 Sink Street, House, c. 1955
This one-story side-gable with front projecting gable house features a metal porch awning that is partially engaged and a multi-light picture window with sidelights. It is clad in asbestos shingle siding. 1956 CD: Mary King, owner-occupant. (These older awnings are now historic as well, and often fetch a pretty penny online from those restoring them to their house. Please don’t throw them away.)
2443 Sink Street, House, c. 1930
A one-story side-gable with rear ell house fronted by a three-quarters porch with metal awning supported by metal posts, topped by a projecting gable. The cottage windows have a small decorative six-light upper over a large single light. 1930 CD: vacant; 1940 CD: Paul and Tate Sturdivant (W), occupant, a furniture worker; 1950 CD: Mrs. Bannie Nolan (W), owner-occupant, a widow.
2450 Sink Street, House, c. 1925
A one-story front-gable Craftsman Bungalow with a front-gable projection that features knee braces in each gable. There is also a large side-gable wing. The recessed porch included a shingled balustrade and post at the time of the nomination (2004), these have been removed. Multi-light French doors are to the side of the porch. There are several diamond/pentagon-light transom over single light sash windows remaining, but what were fifteen-light casement windows are now gone as well. The entire structure is clad in wood shingle sheathing. 1930 CD: Willis Tuttle (W), owner occupant, W. H. Tuttle Electric Co.; 1940 CD: same; 1950 CD: same.
1045 East Brookline Street, House, c. 1951
A one-and-a half-story Minimal Traditional with Tudor elements. There is little to no eave overhang and minimal detailing outside the steeply pitched projecting front-gable and the brick facade chimney and entryway. Aluminum cladding.
